Control of gdhR Expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae via Autoregulation and a Master Repressor (MtrR) of a Drug Efflux Pump Operon.

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Corinne Loughlin, Emory University; Yaramah Zalucki, Emory University; Vijaya L. Dhulipala, VA Medical Center; Jacqueline T. Balthazar, VA Medical Center; Raul G. Doyle, University of North Carolina; Robert A. Nicholas, University of North Carolina; Afrin A. Begum, Uniformed Services University; Erica L. Raterman, Uniformed Services University; Ann E. Jerse, Uniformed Services University; William Shafer, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-04-11
• Publisher: American Society for Microbiology: Open Access Journals
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2017 Rouquette-Loughlin et al.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00449-17
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: mBio
• ISSN: 2150-7511
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: e00449
• End Page: -17
• Grant/Funding Information: W.M.S. is the recipient of a Senior Research Career Scientist Award from the Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.; This work was supported by NIH grants R37AI21150-32 (W.M.S.) and U19 AI113170-02 (A.E.J. and R.A.N.) and in part by VA Merit Award 510 1BX000112-07 (W.M.S.) from the Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
• Keywords: gonococci; physiology; efflux pumps; transcription
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Biology, Genetics; Biology, Microbiology

Abstract

The MtrCDE efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae contributes to gonococcal resistance to a number of antibiotics used previously or currently in treatment of gonorrhea, as well as to host-derived antimicrobials that participate in innate defense. Overexpression of the MtrCDE efflux pump increases gonococcal survival and fitness during experimental lower genital tract infection of female mice. Transcription of mtrCDE can be repressed by the DNA-binding protein MtrR, which also acts as a global regulator of genes involved in important metabolic, physiologic, or regulatory processes. Here, we investigated whether a gene downstream of mtrCDE, previously annotated gdhR in Neisseria meningitidis, is a target for regulation by MtrR. In meningococci, GdhR serves as a regulator of genes involved in glucose catabolism, amino acid transport, and biosynthesis, including gdhA, which encodes an l-glutamate dehydrogenase and is located next to gdhR but is transcriptionally divergent. We report here that in N. gonorrhoeae, expression of gdhR is subject to autoregulation by GdhR and direct repression by MtrR. Importantly, loss of GdhR significantly increased gonococcal fitness compared to a complemented mutant strain during experimental murine infection. Interestingly, loss of GdhR did not influence expression of gdhA, as reported for meningococci. This variance is most likely due to differences in promoter localization and utilization between gonococci and meningococci. We propose that transcriptional control of gonococcal genes through the action of MtrR and GdhR contributes to fitness of N. gonorrhoeae during infection.IMPORTANCE The pathogenic Neisseria species are strict human pathogens that can cause a sexually transmitted infection (N. gonorrhoeae) or meningitis or fulminant septicemia (N. meningitidis). Although they share considerable genetic information, little attention has been directed to comparing transcriptional regulatory systems that modulate expression of their conserved genes. We hypothesized that transcriptional regulatory differences exist between these two pathogens, and we used the gdh locus as a model to test this idea. For this purpose, we studied two conserved genes (gdhR and gdhA) within the locus. Despite general conservation of the gdh locus in gonococci and meningococci, differences exist in noncoding sequences that correspond to promoter elements or potential sites for interacting with DNA-binding proteins, such as GdhR and MtrR. Our results indicate that implications drawn from studying regulation of conserved genes in one pathogen are not necessarily translatable to a genetically related pathogen.