On-Roadway In-Cabin Exposure to Particulate Matter: Measurement Results Using Both Continuous and Time-Integrated Sampling Approaches

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Roby Greenwald, Emory University; Michael H Bergin, Georgia Institute of Technology; Fuyuen Yip, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Tegan Boehmer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Priya Kewada, Emory University; Martin M Shafer, University of Wisconsin–Madison; James J Schauer, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Jeremy Sarnat, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2014-06-03
• Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: Rights managed by Taylor & Francis
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.912745
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• Volume: 48
• Issue: 6
• Start Page: 664
• End Page: 675
• Grant/Funding Information: This study was made possible in part by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.; This publication was made possible in part by US EPA grant R834799. This publication’s contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication.
• Keywords: SOLUBLE ORGANIC-CARBON; Science & Technology; ELEMENTAL CARBON; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; Physical Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; Engineering; Technology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Environmental Sciences; COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTIONS; LOS-ANGELES; TRACE-METALS; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY

Abstract

The Atlanta Commuters Exposure (ACE) Study was designed to measure in-cabin exposure to roadway particulate pollution and acute health response in a panel of adults with and without asthma following a 2-h scripted route along major highways in Atlanta. This article focuses on methods and results of both continuous and integrated approaches used to measure the concentration of PM2.5 mass, particle number concentration (PNC), black carbon (BC) mass, and particle-bound PAHs, in-cabin noise, PM elemental composition, elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content, and speciation of a broad range of organic compounds including alkanes, hopanes, and PAHs. Speciated PM data indicates that in-cabin particles derive from three non-co-varying processes: the resuspension of road dust containing crustal elements and previously-deposited brake pad residue with a contribution of normal fuel combustion, incomplete combustion processes producing PAHs and carbon particles, and particles ablated from brake pads that have not previously deposited to the roadside environment. Most in-cabin pollutants were elevated during the warm season with the notable exception of PNC. PNC was not found to be correlated with most other pollutants. In-cabin concentrations were marginally higher when windows were open.Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research © 2014 Copyright © American Association for Aerosol Research.