Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticide Metabolites with Gestational Age and Birth Weight

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Stephen A. Rauch, BC Childrens Hospital; Joe M. Braun, Harvard University; Dana Barr, Emory University; Antonia M. Calafat, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Jane Khoury, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; M. Angela Montesano, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Kimberly Yolton, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Bruce P. Lanphear, BC Childrens Hospital
• Language: English
• Date: 2012-07-01
• Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104615
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Environmental Health Perspectives
• ISSN: 0091-6765
• Volume: 120
• Issue: 7
• Start Page: 1055
• End Page: 1060
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was partially supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES015517, P01 ES11261, T32 ES007069).
• Keywords: ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; OPs; Environmental Sciences; SERUM COTININE; PON; pesticide; PARAOXONASE 1; PERFORMANCE; PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SCI; fetal growth; DAPs; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; CHILDHOOD; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PON1; CHLORPYRIFOS; paraoxanase; Science & Technology; gestational age; SUSCEPTIBILITY; toxicity; prenatal; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; organophosphate; CHILDREN; Toxicology; birth weight

Abstract

Background: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides, a widely used class of pesticides, may be associated with decreased gestational age and lower birth weight. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in paroxanase (PON1) enzyme genotypes may modify the relationships between OP exposure and perinatal outcomes. Objective: We examined the relationship of prenatal OP insecticide exposure, measured using urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolite concentrat ions, with gestational age and birth weight. Methods: We measured the concentrations of six nonspecific DAP metabolites of OP insecticides in two maternal spot urine samples collected in a prospective birth cohort. We performed multivariable regression to examine associations between the sum of six DAP concentrations (ΣDAP) with gestational age and birth weight. We also examined whether these associations differed according to infant PON1 192 and PON1-108 genotypes. Results: Among 306 mother-infant dyads, a 10-fold increase in ΣDAP concentrations was associated with a decrease in covariate-adjusted gestational age [-0.5 weeks; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.8, -0.1] and birth weight (-151 g; CI: -287, -16); the decrements in birth weight were attenuated after adjusting for gestational age. The relationship between ΣDAP concentrations and gestational age was stronger for white (-0.7 weeks; CI: -1.1, -0.3) than for black (-0.1 weeks; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.6) newborns. In contrast, there was a greater decrease in birth weight with increasing urinary ΣDAP concentrations for black (-188 g; CI: -395, 19) than for white (-118 g; CI: -296, 60) newborns. Decrements in birth weight and gestational age associated with ΣDAP concentrations were greatest among infants with PON1192QR and PON-108CT genotypes. Conclusions: Prenatal urinary ΣDAP concentrations were associated with shortened gestation and reduced birth weight in this cohort, but the effects differed by race/ethnicity and PON1192/108 genotypes.