Associations of Calcium and Milk Product Intakes with Incident, Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Caroline Y. Um, Emory University; Veronika Fedirko, Emory University; William Flanders, Emory University; Suzanne E. Judd, Emory University; Roberd Bostick, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1274408
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Nutrition and Cancer
• ISSN: 0163-5581
• Volume: 69
• Issue: 3
• Start Page: 416
• End Page: 427
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was funded by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (grants P01 CA50305, R01 CA66539, and R01 CA116795); Fullerton Foundation; Emory Winship Cancer Institute; Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Scholar award (to R.M.B.); and the Franklin Foundation.
• Keywords: DAIRY-PRODUCTS; NORMAL COLON MUCOSA; IGF-I; Nutrition & Dietetics; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; CANCER-RISK; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; LONG-TERM USE; Science & Technology; MAGNESIUM INTAKE; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; DOSE-RESPONSE METAANALYSIS; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Oncology
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Nutrition; Health Sciences, Oncology

Abstract

Calcium intake has been consistently, modestly inversely associated with colorectal neoplasms, and supplemental calcium reduced adenoma recurrence in clinical trials. Milk products are the major source of dietary calcium in the United States, but their associations with colorectal neoplasms are unclear. Data pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 807 cases, 2,185 controls) were analyzed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Residuals from linear regression models of milk with dietary calcium were estimated as the noncalcium, insulin-like growth factor 1-containing component of milk. For total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intakes, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the highest to the lowest intake quintiles were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–1.30), 0.86 (CI 0.62–1.20), and 0.99 (CI 0.77–1.27), respectively. The corresponding ORs for consumption of total milk products, total milk, nonfat milk, total milk product residuals, and nonfat milk residuals were, respectively, 0.99, 0.90, 0.92, 0.94, and 0.95; all CIs included 1.0. For those who consumed any whole milk relative to those who consumed none, the OR was 1.15 (CI 0.89–1.49). These results are consistent with previous findings of modest inverse associations of calcium intakes with colorectal adenoma, but suggest that milk products may not be associated with adenoma.