State-level minimum wage and heart disease death rates in the United States, 1980-2015: A novel application of marginal structural modeling

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Miriam E. Van Dyke, Emory University; Kelli Komro, Emory University; Monica P. Shah, Emory University; Melvin D. Livingston, University of North Texas; Michael R Kramer, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2018-07-01
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.009
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Preventive Medicine
• ISSN: 0091-7435
• Volume: 112
• Start Page: 97
• End Page: 103
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by grant T32 HL130025 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health to M.E.V.; and grant R01 MD010241 from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health to K.A.K and M.D.L.
• Keywords: Public policy; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; Socioeconomic factors; Health status disparities; MORTALITY; ONSET; Medicine, General & Internal; Heart diseases; General & Internal Medicine; Income; STROKE; HEALTH; DISPARITIES; Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Economics
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Public Health; Health Sciences, Epidemiology

Abstract

Despite substantial declines since the 1960's, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States (US) and geographic disparities in heart disease mortality have grown. State-level socioeconomic factors might be important contributors to geographic differences in heart disease mortality. This study examined the association between state-level minimum wage increases above the federal minimum wage and heart disease death rates from 1980 to 2015 among ‘working age’ individuals aged 35–64 years in the US. Annual, inflation-adjusted state and federal minimum wage data were extracted from legal databases and annual state-level heart disease death rates were obtained from CDC Wonder. Although most minimum wage and health studies to date use conventional regression models, we employed marginal structural models to account for possible time-varying confounding. Quasi-experimental, marginal structural models accounting for state, year, and state × year fixed effects estimated the association between increases in the state-level minimum wage above the federal minimum wage and heart disease death rates. In models of ‘working age’ adults (35–64 years old), a $1 increase in the state-level minimum wage above the federal minimum wage was on average associated with ~6 fewer heart disease deaths per 100,000 (95% CI: −10.4, −1.99), or a state-level heart disease death rate that was 3.5% lower per year. In contrast, for older adults (65+ years old) a $1 increase was on average associated with a 1.1% lower state-level heart disease death rate per year (b = −28.9 per 100,000, 95% CI: −71.1, 13.3). State-level economic policies are important targets for population health research.