Neutralizing antibody: a savior in the Covid-19 disease

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Sneh Lata Gupta, Emory University; Rishi Kumar Jaiswal, Loyola University Health System
• Language: English
• Date: 2022-03-01
• Publisher: Emory University Libraries
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07020-6
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Molecular Biology Reports
• Volume: 49
• Issue: 3
• Start Page: 2465
• End Page: 2474
• Grant/Funding Information: The author(s) received no financial support for the authorship, and/or publication of this article.
• Keywords: Convalescent plasma transfer (CPT); B-Lymphocytes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Antigens, Viral; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Macaca mulatta; Antibodies, Monoclonal; SARS-CoV-2; Neutralizing antibody; Immunization, Passive; Epitopes; Humans; Immunologic Memory; COVID-19; Forecasting; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Immunologic Surveillance; Covid-19; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Immunoglobulin Isotypes; Antibodies, Viral; Receptor-binding domain (RBD); Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Germinal Center
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Oncology; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The pandemic has led to a devastating loss of life. It has shown us how infectious diseases can cause human existence at stake, and community health is important. The spike protein is the most immunogenic component of the virus. Most vaccine development strategies have focused on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein because it is the most specific target site that recognizes and interacts with human lung cells. Neutralizing antibodies are generated by the humoral immune system and reduce the viral load by binding to spike protein components. Neutralizing antibodies are the proteins secreted by plasma cells and serve as an important part of the defense mechanism. In the recent Covid-19 infection, neutralizing antibodies can be utilized for both diagnostic such as immune surveillance and therapeutic tools such as plasma therapy. So far, many monoclonal antibodies are in the clinical trial phase, and few of them are already in use. In this review, we have discussed details about neutralizing antibodies and their role in combating Covid-19 disease.