Contextual Processing of Abstract Concepts Reveals Neural Representations of Non-Linguistic Semantic Content

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall, Northeastern University; W. Kyle Simmons, Laureate Institute for Brain Research; Alex Martin, National Institute of Mental Health; Lawrence Barsalou, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2013-06
• Publisher: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press (MIT Press): STM Titles
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Final Published Version (URL): http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00361?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed&
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
• ISSN: 0898-929X
• Volume: 25
• Issue: 6
• Start Page: 920
• End Page: 935
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to Christine D. Wilson-Mendenhall and by DARPA contract FA8650-05-C-7256 to Lawrence W. Barsalou.
• Research Categories: Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Concepts develop for many aspects of experience, including abstract internal states and abstract social activities that do not refer to concrete entities in the world. The current study assessed the hypothesis that, like concrete concepts, distributed neural patterns of relevant, non-linguistic semantic content represent the meanings of abstract concepts. In a novel neuroimaging paradigm, participants processed two abstract concepts (convince, arithmetic) and two concrete concepts (rolling, red) deeply and repeatedly during a concept-scene matching task that grounded each concept in typical contexts. Using a catch trial design, neural activity associated with each concept word was separated from neural activity associated with subsequent visual scenes to assess activations underlying the detailed semantics of each concept. We predicted that brain regions underlying mentalizing and social cognition (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus) would become active to represent semantic content central to convince, whereas brain regions underlying numerical cognition (e.g., bilateral intraparietal sulcus) would become active to represent semantic content central to arithmetic. The results supported these predictions, suggesting that the meanings of abstract concepts arise from distributed neural systems that represent concept-specific content.