The intestinal microenvironment in sepsis

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Katherine T. Fay, Emory University; Mandy Ford, Emory University; Craig Coopersmith, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2017
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.005
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
• ISSN: 1388-1981
• Volume: 1863
• Issue: 10
• Start Page: 2574
• End Page: 2583
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health (GM072808, GM095442, GM104323, GM109779, GM113228).
• Keywords: MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiome; Biophysics; EPITHELIAL APOPTOSIS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; Gut; Sepsis; IMPROVES SURVIVAL; Cell Biology; GUT BARRIER FUNCTION; CRITICAL ILLNESS; SEPTIC SHOCK SEPSIS-3; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Immune system; Intestine; Epithelium; INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS DEFINITIONS; FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION; COMMENSAL BACTERIA
• Research Categories: Biology, Cell; Biology, Molecular; Chemistry, Biochemistry

Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract has long been hypothesized to function as “the motor” of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The gastrointestinal microenvironment is comprised of a single cell layer epithelia, a local immune system, and the microbiome. These three components of the intestine together play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis during times of health. However, the gastrointestinal microenvironment is perturbed during sepsis, resulting in pathologic changes that drive both local and distant injury. In this review, we seek to characterize the relationship between the epithelium, gastrointestinal lymphocytes, and commensal bacteria during basal and pathologic conditions and how the intestinal microenvironment may be targeted for therapeutic gain in septic patients.