IMI 2021 Yearly Digest

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Monica Jong, University of Canberra; Jost B Jonas, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg; James S Wolffsohn, Aston University; David A Berntsen, University of Houston; Pauline Cho, Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Danielle Clarkson-Townsend, Atlanta VA Healthcare System; Daniel I Flitcroft, Children's University Hospital; Kate L Gifford, Myopia Profile Pty Ltd; Annechien EG Haarman, Erasmus Medical Center; Machelle Pardue, Emory University; Kathryn Richdale, University of Houston; Padmaja Sankaridurg, Brien Holden Vision Institute; Milly S Tedja, Erasmus Medical Center; Christine F Wildsoet, University of California Berkeley; Joan E Bailey-Wilson, National Human Genome Research Institute; Jeremy A Guggenheim, Cardiff University; Christopher J Hammond, King's College London; Jaakko Kaprio, University of Helsinki; Stuart MacGregor, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; David A Mackey, University of Melbourne; Anthony M Musolf, National Human Genome Research Institute; Caroline CW Klaver, Erasmus Medical Center; Virginie JM Verhoeven, Erasmus Medical Center; Veronique Vitart, University of Edinburgh; Earl L Smith, University of Houston
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-04-01
• Publisher: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: 2021 The Authors
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.5.7
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
• Volume: 62
• Issue: 5
• Start Page: 7
• End Page: 7
• Keywords: definitions; axial length; high myopia; EXPRESSION; Science & Technology; orthokeratology; cycloplegia; REFRACTIVE DEVELOPMENT; EYE GROWTH; atropine; myopia; management guidelines; contact lenses; spectacles; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; FORM-DEPRIVATION MYOPIA; Ophthalmology; clinical trials; classification; pathologic myopia; interventions; PREVALENCE; ONSET; emmetropization; RISK-FACTORS; PROGRESSION; EMMETROPIZATION; genetics; ATROPINE
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Health Sciences, Opthamology

Abstract

PURPOSE. The International Myopia Institute (IMI) Yearly Digest highlights new research considered to be of importance since the publication of the first series of IMI white papers. METHODS. A literature search was conducted for articles on myopia between 2019 and mid-2020 to inform definitions and classifications, experimental models, genetics, interventions, clinical trials, and clinical management. Conference abstracts from key meetings in the same period were also considered. RESULTS. One thousand articles on myopia have been published between 2019 and mid-2020. Key advances include the use of the definition of premyopia in studies currently under way to test interventions in myopia, new definitions in the field of pathologic myopia, the role of new pharmacologic treatments in experimental models such as intraocular pressure-lowering latanoprost, a large meta-analysis of refractive error identifying 336 new genetic loci, new clinical interventions such as the defocus incorporated multisegment spectacles and combination therapy with low-dose atropine and orthokeratology (OK), normative standards in refractive error, the ethical dilemma of a placebo control group when myopia control treatments are established, reporting the physical metric of myopia reduction versus a percentage reduction, comparison of the risk of pediatric OK wear with risk of vision impairment in myopia, the justification of preventing myopic and axial length increase versus quality of life, and future vision loss. CONCLUSIONS. Large amounts of research in myopia have been published since the IMI 2019 white papers were released. The yearly digest serves to highlight the latest research and advances in myopia.