The oral mucosa immune environment and oral transmission of HIV/SIV

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Lianna F. Wood, University of Washington; Ann Chahroudi, Emory University; Hui-Ling Chen, University of Washington; Heather B. Jaspan, University of Cape Town; Donald L. Sodora, University of Washington
• Language: English
• Date: 2013-07-01
• Publisher: Wiley: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.12078
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Immunological Reviews
• ISSN: 0105-2896
• Volume: 254
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 34
• End Page: 53
• Grant/Funding Information: Some of the work described in this review was supported by grants to DLS (R01 DE017541), AC (CFAR03 Development Award), HBJ (K08 HD069201 and CFAR AI027757 Early Investigator award) and LFW (F30 ES022535 and CFAR AI027757 Trainee award).
• Keywords: inflammation; NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SIV natural hosts; mucosal immunity; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; CELL-ASSOCIATED HIV-1; NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; Immunology; HIV; INFECTED SOOTY MANGABEYS; oral transmission; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SIV; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; Science & Technology; LEUKOCYTE PROTEASE INHIBITOR; COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Health Sciences, Pathology

Abstract

The global spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is dependent on the ability of this virus to efficiently cross from one host to the next by traversing a mucosal membrane. Unraveling how mucosal exposure of HIV results in systemic infection is critical for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on understanding the immune events associated with the oral route of transmission (via breastfeeding or sexual oral intercourse), which occurs across the oral and/or gastrointestinal mucosa. Studies in both humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) monkey models have identified viral changes and immune events associated with oral HIV/SIV exposure. This review covers our current knowledge of HIV oral transmission in both infants and adults, the use of SIV models in understanding early immune events, oral immune factors that modulate HIV/SIV susceptibility (including mucosal inflammation), and interventions that may impact oral HIV transmission rates. Understanding the factors that influence oral HIV transmission will provide the foundation for developing immune therapeutic and vaccine strategies that can protect both infants and adults from oral HIV transmission.