A comprehensive overview of metaplastic breast cancer: clinical features and molecular aberrations

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Tejaswini P. Reddy, Houston Methodist Research Institute; Roberto R. Rosato, Houston Methodist Research Institute; Xiaoxian Li, Emory University; Stacy Moulder, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Helen Piwnica-Worms, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Jenny C. Chang, Houston Methodist Research Institute
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-11-04
• Publisher: BMC
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2020, The Author(s).
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13058-020-01353-z
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: BREAST CANCER RESEARCH
• Volume: 22
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 121
• End Page: 121
• Keywords: Science & Technology; Metaplastic breast cancer; PATHWAY; THERAPY; LANDSCAPE; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; PI3K signaling; Oncology; OVEREXPRESSION; Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EXPRESSION; TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; AMPLIFICATION; INHIBITION; NOS signaling; EGFR; CARCINOMA
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Oncology; Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is an exceedingly rare breast cancer variant that is therapeutically challenging and aggressive. MpBC is defined by the histological presence of at least two cellular types, typically epithelial and mesenchymal components. This variant harbors a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, yet has a worse prognosis and decreased survival compared to TNBC. There are currently no standardized treatment guidelines specifically for MpBC. However, prior studies have found that MpBC typically has molecular alterations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K/Akt signaling, nitric oxide signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, altered immune response, and cell cycle dysregulation. Some of these molecular alterations have been studied as therapeutic targets, in both the preclinical and clinical setting. This current review discusses the histological organization and cellular origins of MpBC, molecular alterations, the role of radiation therapy, and current clinical trials for MpBC.