The THRIVE score strongly predicts outcomes in patients treated with the Solitaire device in the SWIFT and STAR trials

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Alexander C. Flint, Kaiser Permanente; Sean P. Cullen, Kaiser Permanente; Vivek A. Rao, Kaiser Permanente; Bonnie S. Faigeles, Kaiser Permanente; Vitor M. Pereira, University Hospital of Geneva; Elad I. Levy, State University of New York Buffalo; Tudor G. Jovin, University of Pittsburgh; David S. Liebeskind, University of California, Los Angeles; Raul Gomes Nogueira, Emory University; Reza Jahan, University of California, Los Angeles; Jeffrey L. Saver, University of California, Los Angeles
• Language: English
• Date: 2014-08-01
• Publisher: SAGE Publications (UK and US)
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2014 World Stroke Organization.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12292
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: International Journal of Stroke
• ISSN: 1747-4930
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 6
• Start Page: 698
• End Page: 704
• Grant/Funding Information: There was no funding organization or sponsor for the present analysis.
• Keywords: ischemic stroke; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; treatment; cerebral infarction; Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Clinical Neurology; acute stroke therapy; Peripheral Vascular Disease; INTRAARTERIAL THERAPY; ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; acute; reperfusion; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; TOTALED HEALTH-RISKS
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Background: The Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) score strongly predicts clinical outcome, mortality, and risk of thrombolytic haemorrhage in ischemic stroke patients, and performs similarly well in patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, endovascular stroke treatment, or no acute treatment. It is not known if the THRIVE score predicts outcomes with the Solitaire endovascular stroke treatment device. Aims: To validate the relationship between the THRIVE score and outcomes after treatment with the Solitaire endovascular stroke treatment device. Methods: The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the prospective SWIFT and STAR trials to examine the relationship between THRIVE and outcomes after treatment with the Solitaire device. We examined the relationship between THRIVE and clinical outcomes (good outcome or death at 90days) among patients in SWIFT and STAR. Receiver-operator characteristics curve analysis was used to compare THRIVE score performance with other stroke prediction scores. Multivariable modeling was used to confirm the independence of the THRIVE score from procedure-specific predictors (successful recanalization or device used) and other predictors of functional outcome. Results: The THRIVE score strongly predicts good outcome and death among patients treated with the Solitaire device in SWIFT and STAR (Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for trend P<0·001 for good outcome, P=0·01 for death). In receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve comparisons, totaled health risks in vascular events score is superior to Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale score-100 (P<0·001) and performed similarly to Houston Intra-Arterial Therapy score (HIAT) (P=0·98) and HIAT-2 (P=0·54). In multivariable models, THRIVE's prediction of good outcome is not altered after controlling for recanalization or after controlling for device used. The THRIVE score remains a strong independent predictor after controlling for the above predictors together with time to procedure, rate of symptomatic haemorrhage, and use of general anesthesia. Of note, use of general anesthesia was not an independent predictor of outcome in SWIFT+STAR after controlling for totaled health risks in vascular events and other factors. Conclusions: The THRIVE score strongly predicts clinical outcome and mortality in patients treated with the Solitaire device in the SWIFT and STAR trials. The lack of interaction between THRIVE and procedure-specific elements such as vessel recanalization or device choice makes the THRIVE score a reasonable candidate for use as a patient selection criterion in stroke clinical trials.