Discrimination, Sexual Violence, Depression, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Social Support among Black Women

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Athena Sherman, Emory University; Andrea N. Cimino, Johns Hopkins University; Monique Balthazar, Emory University; Kalisha Bonds, Emory University; Desiree D. Burns, Florida State University; Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo, California State University; Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Johns Hopkins University; Kiyomi Tsuyuki, University of California San Diego; Jamila K. Stockman, University of California San Diego
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-01-13
• Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 Meharry Medical College. This article first appeared in JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED. Published by Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED
• Keywords: victimization; Depression; racism; sexual violence; Black women; discrimination; women's health; social support; post-traumatic stress disorder
• Research Categories: Sociology, Public and Social Welfare; Sociology, Individual and Family Studies

Abstract

Background. Black Americans face significant discrimination, associated with mental health disorder, which may be exacerbated among sexually victimized people. Social support may buffer that relationship. Methods. Cross-sectional data from a retrospective cohort study were analyzed to examine if discrimination and sexual victimization overlap to exacerbate symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine the extent to which social support moderated that association among Black women living in Baltimore, Maryland [138 non-abused (no physical/sexual victimization) and 98 abused (sexually victimized) since age 18]. Results. Symptoms of depression and PTSD were independently associated with discrimination. Multilinear regression showed social support from friends moderated the association between discrimination and depressive symptoms among sexually abused participants only. Conclusion. Discrimination may exacerbate symptoms of depression and PTSD more for sexually victimized Black women, but sources of informal social support may attenuate adverse effects of discrimination on depressive symptoms among members of that group.