COVID-19 Diagnostics, Tools, and Prevention

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Mayar Allam, Emory University; Shuangyi Cai, Emory University; Shambavi Ganesh, Emory University; Mythreye Venkatesan, Emory University; Saurabh Doodhwala, Emory University; Zexing Song, Emory University; Thomas Hu, Emory University; Aditi Kumar, Emory University; Jeremy Heit, Emory University; Ahmet F Coskun, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-06-01
• Publisher: MDPI
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2020 by the authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060409
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: DIAGNOSTICS
• Volume: 10
• Issue: 6
• Grant/Funding Information: A.F.C. holds a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from Burroughs Wellcome Fund. A.F.C. was supported by start-up funds from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University.
• Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; do-it-yourself; HEPATITIS; immunity; 3D printing; IMMUNITY; digital tracking; General & Internal Medicine; Medicine, General & Internal; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; machine learning; rapid testing; vaccines; INHIBITOR; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; COVID-19; DISCOVERY; pandemic policy; Science & Technology
• Research Categories: Engineering, Biomedical

Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), outbreak from Wuhan City, Hubei province, China in 2019 has become an ongoing global health emergency. The emerging virus, SARS-CoV-2, causes coughing, fever, muscle ache, and shortness of breath or dyspnea in symptomatic patients. The pathogenic particles that are generated by coughing and sneezing remain suspended in the air or attach to a surface to facilitate transmission in an aerosol form. This review focuses on the recent trends in pandemic biology, diagnostics methods, prevention tools, and policies for COVID-19 management. To meet the growing demand for medical supplies during the COVID-19 era, a variety of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators have been developed using do-it-yourself (DIY) manufacturing. COVID-19 diagnosis and the prediction of virus transmission are analyzed by machine learning algorithms, simulations, and digital monitoring. Until the discovery of a clinically approved vaccine for COVID-19, pandemics remain a public concern. Therefore, technological developments, biomedical research, and policy development are needed to decipher the coronavirus mechanism and epidemiological characteristics, prevent transmission, and develop therapeutic drugs.