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Cross-protection of commercial vaccines against Chilean swine influenza A virus using the guinea pig model as a surrogate

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Last modified
  • 06/25/2025
Type of Material
Authors
    Rodrigo Tapia, Universidad de ChileJuan Mena, Universidad de ChileVictoria García, Universidad de ChileMarie Culhane, University of MinnesotaRafael A. Medina, Emory UniversityVictor Neira, Universidad de Chile
Language
  • English
Date
  • 2023-09-20
Publisher
  • Frontiers
Publication Version
Copyright Statement
  • © 2023 Tapia, Mena, García, Culhane, Medina and Neira.
License
Final Published Version (URL)
Title of Journal or Parent Work
Volume
  • 10
Start Page
  • 1245278
Grant/Funding Information
  • This study was funded by the following grants: Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile (CONICYT) FONDECYT, FONDECYT 11170877, 1211517 (VN); FIV, FAVET UCHILE 2017 (VN); CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2014-21140719 (RT and JM); Center for Research in Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP), a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–Funded Center of Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Contract Numbers HHSN272201400008C and 75N93021C00014 (VN and RM).
Supplemental Material (URL)
Abstract
  • Influenza A virus poses a significant threat to public health and the swine industry. Vaccination is the primary measure for controlling the disease, but the effectiveness of vaccines can vary depending on the antigenic match between vaccine strains and circulating strains. In Chile, H1N1pdm09 and other lineages H1N2 and H3N2 have been detected in pigs, which are genetically distinct from the strains included in commercial vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the cross-protection by commercial vaccines against strains circulating in Chile using the guinea pig model. For this study, four circulating strains [A/swine/Chile/H1A-7/2014(H1N2), A/swine/Chile/H1B-2/2014(H1N2), A/swine/Chile/H1P-12/2015(H1N1), and A/swine/Chile/H3-2/2015(H3N2)] were selected. Guinea pigs were divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated animals received either a multivalent antigenically heterologous or monovalent homologous vaccine, while the control animals remained unvaccinated. Following vaccination, all animals were intranasally challenged, and nasal wash samples were collected at different time points post-infection. The results showed that the homologous monovalent vaccine-induced hemagglutinin-specific antibodies against the Chilean pandemic H1N1pdm09 strain. However, the commercial heterologous multivalent vaccine failed to induce hemagglutinin-specific antibody titers against the H1N2 and H3N2 challenge strains. Furthermore, the homologous monovalent vaccine significantly reduced the duration of viral shedding and viral titers specifically against the Chilean pandemic H1N1pdm09 strain and heterologous multivalent vaccine only partial. These findings highlight the importance of regularly updating vaccine strains to match the circulating field strains for effective control of swine influenza. Further research is needed to develop vaccines that confer broader protection against diverse strains of swine influenza A virus.
Author Notes
Keywords
Research Categories
  • Biology, Virology
  • Health Sciences, Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences, Immunology

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