Eliciting B cell immunity against infectious diseases using nanovaccines

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Ankur Singh, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-11-16
• Publisher: NATURE PORTFOLIO
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2020, Springer Nature Limited
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00790-3
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Volume: 16
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 16
• End Page: 24
• Keywords: VACCINE; BROADLY NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; GERMINAL CENTER; Science & Technology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Technology; PROTECTION; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science; HIV-1; IMMUNOGEN DESIGN; INFLUENZA; LYMPH

Abstract

Infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has brought the world to a standstill, are emerging at an unprecedented rate with a substantial impact on public health and global economies. For many life-threatening global infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malaria and influenza, effective vaccinations are still lacking. There are numerous roadblocks to developing new vaccines, including a limited understanding of immune correlates of protection to these global infections. To induce a reproducible, strong immune response against difficult pathogens, sophisticated nanovaccine technologies are under investigation. In contrast to conventional vaccines, nanovaccines provide improved access to lymph nodes, optimal packing and presentation of antigens, and induction of a persistent immune response. This Review provides a perspective on the global trends in emerging nanoscale vaccines for infectious diseases and describes the biological, experimental and logistical problems associated with their development, and how immunoengineering can be leveraged to overcome these challenges.