Usefulness of commercially available GPS data-loggers for tracking human movement and exposure to dengue virus

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Gonzalo Vazquez Prokopec, Emory University; Steven T. Stoddard, University of California; Valerie Paz-Soldan, Tulane University; Amy C. Morrison, University of California; John P. Elder, San Diego State University; Tadeusz J. Kochel, US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment; Thomas W. Scott, University of California; Uriel Kitron, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2009-11-30
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2009 Vazquez-Prokopec et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic
• Final Published Version (URL): http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/8/1/68
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: International Journal of Health Geographics
• ISSN: 1476-072X
• Volume: 8
• Start Page: 68
• End Page: 68
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was funded by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) award number R01 AI069341-01 and the Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) to TWS.
• Research Categories: Environmental Sciences

Abstract

Background: Our understanding of the effects of human movement on dengue virus spread remains limited in part due to the lack of precise tools to monitor the time-dependent location of individuals. We determined the utility of a new, commercially available, GPS data-logger for long- term tracking of human movements in Iquitos, Peru. We conducted a series of evaluations focused on GPS device attributes key to reliable use and accuracy. GPS observations from two participants were later compared with semi-structured interview data to assess the usefulness of GPS technology to track individual mobility patterns. Results: Positional point and line accuracy were 4.4 and 10.3 m, respectively. GPS wearing mode increased spatial point error by 6.9 m. Units were worn on a neck-strap by a carpenter and a moto- taxi driver for 14-16 days. The application of a clustering algorithm (I-cluster) to the raw GPS positional data allowed the identification of locations visited by each participant together with the frequency and duration of each visit. The carpenter moved less and spent more time in more fixed locations than the moto-taxi driver, who visited more locations for a shorter period of time. GPS and participants' interviews concordantly identified 6 common locations, whereas GPS alone identified 4 locations and participants alone identified 10 locations. Most (80%) of the locations identified by participants alone were places reported as visited for less than 30 minutes. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel, commercially available GPS data-logger for long-term tracking of humans and shows the potential of these units to quantify mobility patterns in relationship with dengue virus transmission risk in a tropical urban environment. Cost, battery life, size, programmability and ease of wear are unprecedented from previously tested units, proving the usefulness of GPS-dataloggers for linking movement of individuals and transmission risk of dengue virus and other infectious agents, particularly in resource-poor settings.