Comprehensive Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Robert E. Heinl, Emory University; Devinder S. Dhindsa, Emory University; Elliot N. Mahlof, Emory University; William M. Schultz, Emory University; Johnathan C. Ricketts, Emory University; Tina Varghese, Emory University; Amirhossein Esmaeeli, Emory University; Marc P. Allard-Ratick, Emory University; Anthony J. Millard, Emory University; Heval M. Kelli, Emory University; Pratik B. Sandesara, Emory University; Danny Eapen, Emory University; Laurence Sperling, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2016-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.507
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Canadian Journal of Cardiology
• ISSN: 0828-282X
• Volume: 32
• Issue: 10
• Start Page: S349
• End Page: S357
• Grant/Funding Information: Publication of this article was supported by the Jim Pattison Foundation and the University Hospital Foundation.
• Keywords: CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE; MULTIFACTORIAL INTERVENTION; MEDITERRANEAN-STYLE DIET; VASCULAR-DISEASE; OBESE INDIVIDUALS; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; Science & Technology; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, General; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

The epidemic of obesity has contributed to a growing burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. MetS is defined as central obesity along with associated factors such as hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. MetS and DM are associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Healthy behavioural modification is the cornerstone for reducing the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden in this population. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs reduce mortality and hospitalizations in patients with MetS and DM. Despite this benefit, patients with MetS and DM are less likely to attend and complete CR because of numerous barriers. Implementation of innovative CR delivery models might improve utilization of CR and cardiovascular outcomes in this high-risk population.