Experimental evidence needed to demonstrate inter- and trans-generational effects of ancestral experiences in mammals

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Brian Dias, Emory University; Kerry Ressler, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2014-10-01
• Publisher: Wiley: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2014 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201400105
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: BioEssays
• ISSN: 0265-9247
• Volume: 36
• Issue: 10
• Start Page: 919
• End Page: 923
• Grant/Funding Information: In addition, this project was partially funded by the National Center for Research Resources P51RR000165; and is currently supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD P51OD011132 to Yerkes National Primate Research Center.; Funding for [20] was provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund to K. J. R.
• Keywords: SMALL RNAS; epigenetics; MOUSE; PATERNAL TRANSMISSION; STRESS; MATERNAL-CARE; RESISTANCE; SPERM; Science & Technology; olfaction; inheritance; METHYLATION; Biology; TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; non-coding RNA; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; MECHANISMS; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Mental Health; Biology, Genetics

Abstract

Environmental factors routinely influence an organism's biology. The inheritance or transmission of such influences to descendant generations would be an efficient mode of information transfer across generations. The developmental stage at which a specific environment is encountered by the ancestral generation, and the number of generations over which information about that environment is registered, determines an inter- vs. trans-generational effect of ancestral influence. This commentary will outline the distinction between these influences. While seductive in principle, inter- and trans-generational inheritance in mammals is a hotly debated area of research inquiry. We present constructive criticism of such inheritance, and suggest potential experimental avenues for reconciliation. Finally, epigenetic mechanisms present an avenue for gene regulation that is dynamic. We briefly discuss how such malleability affords the potential for a reversal of any detrimental environmental influences that might have adversely impacted ancestral or descendant generations.