Lipid Metabolite Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: Discovery and Biomechanism Translation from Human Studies

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Peter McGranaghan, Dept Internal Med & Cardiol; Jennifer A Kirwan, Charite; Mariel A Garcia-Rivera, Charite; Burkert Pieske, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum; Frank Edelmann, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum; Florian Blaschke, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum; Sandeep Appunni, Government Medical College; Anshul Saxena, Baptist Health South Florida; Muni Rubens, Baptist Health South Florida; Emir Veledar, Emory University; Tobias Daniel Trippel, Baptist Health South Florida
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-09-01
• Publisher: MDPI
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 by the authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11090621
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: METABOLITES
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 9
• Grant/Funding Information: Kirwan and Garcia-Rivera have been funded by project code 01EA1801C by the Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF).
• Keywords: NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; biomarkers; heart failure; TRIMETHYLAMINE-N-OXIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; metabolomics; HEART-FAILURE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; cardiovascular disease; lipidomics; PLASMA CERAMIDES; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
• Research Categories: Biology, Biostatistics; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Lipids represent a valuable target for metabolomic studies since altered lipid metabolism is known to drive the pathological changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomic technologies give us the ability to measure thousands of metabolites providing us with a metabolic fingerprint of individual patients. Metabolomic studies in humans have supported previous findings into the pathomechanisms of CVD, namely atherosclerosis, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The most widely studied classes of lipid metabolite biomarkers in CVD are phos-pholipids, sphingolipids/ceramides, glycolipids, cholesterol esters, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines. Technological advancements have enabled novel strategies to discover individual biomarkers or panels that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD, with sphingolipids/ceramides as the most promising class of biomarkers thus far. In this review, application of metabolomic profiling for biomarker discovery to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD as well as metabolic abnormalities in CVD will be discussed with particular emphasis on lipid metabolites.