Sex Differences in Non-AIDS Comorbidities Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Renee A. Pond, Emory University; Lauren Collins, Emory University; Cecile Lahiri, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-12-01
• Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab558
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 12
• Start Page: ofab558
• End Page: ofab558
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Emory Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex Differences (grant number U54AG062334 to C. D. L.); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH (award number K23AI124913 to C. D. L.); and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (award number P30-AI-050409). L. F. C. is also supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH (award numbers UL1TR002378 and KL2-TL1TR002381).
• Keywords: HIV and aging; METABOLIC-SYNDROME; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; Microbiology; CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TREATMENT-NAIVE; HIV; sex differences; women with HIV; RILPIVIRINE/EMTRICITABINE/TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; Immunology; RISK-FACTORS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; Infectious Diseases; non-AIDS comorbidities; Science & Technology
• Research Categories: Biology, Microbiology; Biology, Virology; Health Sciences, Immunology

Abstract

Women are grossly underrepresented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical and translational research. This is concerning given that people with HIV (PWH) are living longer, and thus accumulating aging-related non-AIDS comorbidities (NACMs); emerging evidence suggests that women are at higher risk of NACM development and progression compared with men. It is widely recognized that women vs men have greater immune activation in response to many viruses, including HIV-1; this likely influences sex-differential NACM development related to differences in HIV-associated chronic inflammation. Furthermore, many sociobehavioral factors that contribute to aging-related NACMs are known to differ by sex. The objectives of this review were to (1) synthesize sex-stratified data on 4 NACMs among PWH: bone disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction, and neurocognitive impairment; (2) evaluate the characteristics of key studies assessing sex differences in NACMs; and (3) introduce potential biological and psychosocial mechanisms contributing to emerging trends in sex-differential NACM risk and outcomes among PWH.