Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Disparities in the United States

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Audrey L. Blewer, University of Pennsylvania; Said A. Ibrahim, University of Pennsylvania; Marion Leary, University of Pennsylvania; David Dutwin, University of Pennsylvania; Bryan McNally, Emory University; Monique L. Anderson, Duke University; Laurie J. Morrison, University of Toronto; Tom P. Aufderheide, Medical College of Wisconsin; Mohamud Daya, Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ; Ahamed H. Idris, Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas; Clifton W. Callaway, University of Pittsburgh; Peter J. Kudenchuk, University of Washington; Gary M. Vilke, University of California San Diego; Benjamin S. Abella, University of Pennsylvania
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-05-17
• Publisher: Wiley Open Access: Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2017 The Authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006124
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of the American Heart Association
• ISSN: 2047-9980
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 5
• Start Page: e006124
• End Page: e006124
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by a Mentored Clinical and Population Award from the American Heart Association (15MCPRP25090161) and a Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute Communication and Dissemination Contract (CDR‐1409‐23100).
• Keywords: education; COMMUNITY LEADERS; HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; educational campaigns; BYSTANDER-INITIATED CPR; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; POLICY-MAKERS; Science & Technology; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS; sudden cardiac arrest; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; NONRESPONSE RATES; HOSPITAL CARDIAC-ARREST; TELEPHONE SURVEY; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; education surveillance
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Background- Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with increased survival from cardiac arrest, yet bystander CPR rates are low in many communities. The overall prevalence of CPR training in the United States and associated individual-level disparities are unknown. We sought to measure the national prevalence of CPR training and hypothesized that older age and lower socioeconomic status would be independently associated with a lower likelihood of CPR training. Methods and Results- We administered a cross-sectional telephone survey to a nationally representative adult sample. We assessed the demographics of individuals trained in CPR within 2 years (currently trained) and those who had been trained in CPR at some point in time (ever trained). The association of CPR training and demographic variables were tested using survey weighted logistic regression. Between September 2015 and November 2015, 9022 individuals completed the survey; 18% reported being currently trained in CPR, and 65% reported training at some point previously. For each year of increased age, the likelihood of being currently CPR trained or ever trained decreased (currently trained: odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; P < 0.01; ever trained: OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P=0.04). Furthermore, there was a greater then 4-fold difference in odds of being currently CPR trained from the 30-39 to 70-79 year old age groups (95% CI, 0.10-0.23). Factors associated with a lower likelihood of CPR training were lesser educational attainment and lower household income (P < 0.01 for each of these variables). Conclusions- A minority of respondents reported current training in CPR. Older age, lesser education, and lower income were associated with r educed likelihood of CPR training. These findings illustrate important gaps in US CPR education and suggest the need to develop tailored CPR training efforts to address this variability.