Family experiences and attitudes about receiving the diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy in a child

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Kirsten A Riggan, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Sharron Close, Emory University; Megan A Allyse, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-06-01
• Publisher: WILEY
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31781
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
• Volume: 184
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: 404
• End Page: 413
• Grant/Funding Information: MA and KR formerly received support from the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine Bioethics Program. MA is additionally supported by K01 HG009542.; This publication was supported by Grant Number UL1 TR002377 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).
• Keywords: XYY; sex chromosome aneuploidy; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; AFFECT MORTALITY; Genetics & Heredity; Science & Technology; prenatal diagnosis; KLINEFELTER-SYNDROME; diagnosis disclosure; PARENTS; OUTCOMES; PHENOTYPE; CARE; XXY; postnatal diagnosis; noninvasive prenatal testing; 47,XYY; Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Abstract

The most common sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) (47, XXY; 47, XYY; 47, XXX) frequently result in a milder phenotype than autosomal aneuploidies. Nevertheless, these conditions are highly variable and more symptomatic phenotypes may require significant clinical involvement, including specialty care. While historically most individuals with mild phenotypes remained undiagnosed during their lifetime, the increasing use of genetic testing in clinical care has increased the prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of SCAs. These genetic tests are frequently ordered by nongenetic providers who are also responsible for delivering the diagnosis. We surveyed parents of children (n = 308) to evaluate their experience of receiving a diagnosis and their support needs. The majority (73.3%) received the diagnosis from a nongenetic medical provider. Following a prenatal diagnosis parents reported experiencing depression, anxiety, and less optimism than those receiving a postnatal diagnosis. Few parents reported receiving materials explaining their child's condition that they found to be up-to-date, accurate, and unbiased. The frequently negative reported experiences of parents at time of diagnosis suggests more educational opportunities should be provided for nongenetic providers in order to become more informed about these conditions and communicate the diagnosis in a way parents experience as supportive.