UDP-galactose 4′ epimerase (GALE) is essential for development of Drosophila melanogaster

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Rebecca D. Sanders, Emory University; Jennifer M. I. Sefton, Emory University; Kenneth H Moberg, Emory University; Judith Fridovich-Keil, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2010-06
• Publisher: Company of Biologists
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2010
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.crossref.org/10.1242%2Fdmm.005058
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Disease Models and Mechanisms
• ISSN: 1754-8403
• Volume: 3
• Issue: 9-10
• Start Page: 628
• End Page: 638
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant DK046403 (to J.L.F.-K. and K.H.M.).
• Research Categories: Chemistry, Biochemistry; Biology, Cell

Abstract

SUMMARY UDP-galactose 4′ epimerase (GALE) catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose in the final step of the Leloir pathway; human GALE (hGALE) also interconverts UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. GALE therefore plays key roles in the metabolism of dietary galactose, in the production of endogenous galactose, and in maintaining the ratios of key substrates for glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis. Partial impairment of hGALE results in the potentially lethal disorder epimerase-deficiency galactosemia. We report here the generation and initial characterization of a first whole-animal model of GALE deficiency using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results confirm that GALE function is essential in developing animals; Drosophila lacking GALE die as embryos but are rescued by the expression of a human GALE transgene. Larvae in which GALE has been conditionally knocked down die within days of GALE loss. Conditional knockdown and transgene expression studies further demonstrate that GALE expression in the gut primordium and Malpighian tubules is both necessary and sufficient for survival. Finally, like patients with generalized epimerase deficiency galactosemia, Drosophila with partial GALE loss survive in the absence of galactose but succumb in development if exposed to dietary galactose. These data establish the utility of the fly model of GALE deficiency and set the stage for future studies to define the mechanism(s) and modifiers of outcome in epimerase deficiency galactosemia.