Molecular imaging and fusion targeted biopsy of the prostate

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Baowei Fei, Emory University; Peter T Nieh, Emory University; Viraj Master, Emory University; Yun Zhang, Emory University; Adeboye O. Osunkoya, Emory University; David M Schuster, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-02-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag (Germany)
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2016, Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40336-016-0214-7
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Clinical and Translational Imaging
• ISSN: 2281-5872
• Volume: 5
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 29
• End Page: 43
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was partially supported by NIH Grants CA156775 and CA176684.
• Keywords: Image segmentation; Positron emission tomography (PET); Molecular imaging; Targeted biopsy; Image registration; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Prostate cancer
• Research Categories: Engineering, Biomedical; Health Sciences, Pathology; Health Sciences, Radiology

Abstract

Purpose: This paper provides a review on molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer detection and its applications in fusion targeted biopsy of the prostate. Methods: Literature search was performed through the PubMed database using the keywords “prostate cancer”, “MRI/ultrasound fusion”, “molecular imaging”, and “targeted biopsy”. Estimates in autopsy studies indicate that 50% of men older than 50 years of age have prostate cancer. Systematic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is considered the standard method for prostate cancer detection and has a significant sampling error and a low sensitivity. Molecular imaging technology and new biopsy approaches are emerging to improve the detection of prostate cancer. Results: Molecular imaging with PET and MRI shows promising results in the early detection of prostate cancer. MRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy has become a new clinical standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. PET molecular image-directed, three-dimensional ultrasound-guided biopsy is a new technology that has great potential for improving prostate cancer detection rate and for distinguishing aggressive prostate cancer from indolent disease. Conclusion: Molecular imaging and fusion targeted biopsy are active research areas in prostate cancer research.