Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Disease-United States, 2008-2017

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Monica Farley, Emory University; Heidi M Soeters, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Sara E Oliver, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Ian D Plumb, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Amy E Blain, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Tammy Zulz, Arctic Investigations Program, CDC, Anchorage; Brenna C Simons, Arctic Investigations Program, CDC, Anchorage; Meghan Barnes, Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm; Lee H Harrison, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth; Ruth Lynfield, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul; Stephanie Massay, Alaska Division of Public Health; Joseph McLaughlin, Alaska Division of Public Health; Alison G Muse, New York State Department of Health; Susan Petit, Connecticut Department of Public Health; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University; Ann Thomas, Oregon Health Authority; Salina Torres, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe; James Watt, California Department of Public Health; Tracy Pondo, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Melissa J Whaley, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Fang Hu, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Xin Wang, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Elizabeth Briere, Emory University; Michael G Bruce, Arctic Investigations Program, CDC
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-07-15
• Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2020, Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa875
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Volume: 73
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: E371
• End Page: E379
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by a cooperative agreement with the Emerging Infections Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-RFA-CK17-1701).
• Keywords: B DISEASE; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; surveillance; Microbiology; invasive disease; PREVENTION; MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; Haemophilus influenzae serotype a; American Indian and Alaska Native; IMMUNIZATION; STRAINS; Science & Technology; VACCINE; Immunology; epidemiology; ALASKA; Infectious Diseases; CHILDREN

Abstract

Background: Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) can cause invasive disease similar to serotype b; no Hia vaccine is available. We describe the epidemiology of invasive Hia disease in the United States overall and specifically in Alaska during 2008-2017. Methods: Active population- and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive Hia disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites and from Alaska statewide invasive bacterial disease surveillance. Sterile-site isolates were serotyped via slide agglutination or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Incidences in cases per 100 000 were calculated. Results: From 2008 to 2017, an estimated average of 306 invasive Hia disease cases occurred annually in the United States (estimated annual incidence: 0.10); incidence increased by an average of 11.1% annually. Overall, 42.7% of cases were in children aged <5 years (incidence: 0.64), with highest incidence among children aged <1 year (1.60). Case fatality was 7.8% overall and was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (15.1%). Among children aged <5 years, the incidence was 17 times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children (8.29) than among children of all other races combined (0.49). In Alaska, incidences among all ages (0.68) and among children aged <1 year (24.73) were nearly 6 and 14 times higher, respectively, than corresponding US incidences. Case fatality in Alaska was 10.2%, and the vast majority (93.9%) of cases occurred among AI/AN. Conclusions: Incidence of invasive Hia disease has increased since 2008, with the highest burden among AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including Hia vaccine development.