Editorial: 3D Cell Culture Systems for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: In vitro Modelling and in vivo Regenerative Therapies

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Sanika Joshi, University of North Texas; Won Hee Lee, University of Arizona; Pu Chen, Wuhan University; Vahid Serpooshan, Emory University; Huaxiao Yang, University of North Texas
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-06-17
• Publisher: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 Joshi, Lee, Chen, Serpooshan and Yang.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.675676
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
• Volume: 8
• Start Page: 675676
• End Page: 675676
• Grant/Funding Information: Start-up of University of North Texas (UNT) and UNT Research Seed Grant to HY. NIH Grant no. R00HL127295, Emory University School of Medicine [Pediatric Research Alliance Pilot Grant the Dean's Imagine, Innovate and Impact (I3) Research Award], and the Marvin H. and Nita S. Floyd Research Fund Award to VS. American Heart Association (AHA) Scientist Development Grant 16SDG27560003 to WL.
• Keywords: Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; cardiac patches; human cardiac muscle patches; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; organoids; Science & Technology; disease modeling; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; 3D culture; induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells
• Research Categories: Engineering, Biomedical

Abstract

Although 3D cell culture systems have become an emerging need in the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine, they are not yet as widespread as conventional 2D cell culture systems, which use monolayers of cells in Petri dishes. The conventional 2D cell culture is not effective or accurate in its response to in vivo drugs, toxins, or signaling modifiers (1). This is because the cellular microenvironment in a 2D culture is significantly different from that in native heart tissue. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a variety of proteins and biomechanical cues, influencing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and regeneration. Compared with a 2D culture, 3D cell culture systems more closely replicate these in vivo situations and benefit from the advent of various new bioengineering technologies (2).