Norovirus Infection and Disease in an Ecuadorian Birth Cohort: Association of Certain Norovirus Genotypes With Host FUT2 Secretor Status

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Benjamin Lopman, Emory University; Tarak Trivedi, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Yosselin Vicuna, Laboratorio de Investigaciones FEPIS, Quininde; Veronica Costantini, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Nikail Collins, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Nicole Gregoricus, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Umesh Parashar, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Carlos Sandoval, Laboratorio de Investigaciones FEPIS, Quininde; Nely Broncano, Laboratorio de Investigaciones FEPIS, Quininde; Maritza Vaca, Laboratorio de Investigaciones FEPIS, Quininde
• Language: English
• Date: 2015-06-01
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2014 The Author
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu672
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Infectious Diseases
• Volume: 211
• Issue: 11
• Start Page: 1813
• End Page: 1821
• Grant/Funding Information: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (Benjamin H. Kean Travel Fellowship in Tropical Medicine to T. T.); Wellcome Trust grants 074679/Z/04/Z and 088862/Z/09/Z
• Keywords: norovirus; immunity; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; cohort study; histo-blood group antigen; RESISTANCE; Science & Technology; BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; PREVALENCE; GASTROENTERITIS; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; PROTECTION; Immunology; NONSENSE MUTATION; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; CHALLENGE; incidence; COUNTRIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Biology, Microbiology

Abstract

Background. Although norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis, there are few data on the community incidence of infection/disease or the patterns of acquired immunity or innate resistance to norovirus. Methods. We followed a community-based birth cohort of 194 children in Ecuador with the aim to estimate (1) the incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis from birth to age 3 years, (2) the protective effect of norovirus infection against subsequent infection/disease, and (3) the association of infection and disease with FUT2 secretor status. Results. Over the 3-year period, we detected a mean of 2.26 diarrheal episodes per child (range, 0-12 episodes). Norovirus was detected in 260 samples (18%) but was not found more frequently in diarrheal samples (79 of 438 [18%]), compared with diarrhea-free samples (181 of 1016 [18%]; P =. 919). A total of 66% of children had at least 1 norovirus infection during the first 3 years of life, and 40% of children had 2 infections. Previous norovirus infections were not associated with the risk of subsequent infection. All genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) infections were among secretor-positive children (P <. 001), but higher rates of non-GII.4 infections were found in secretor-negative children (relative risk, 0.56; P =. 029). Conclusions. GII.4 infections were uniquely detected in secretor-positive children, while non-GII.4 infections were more often found in secretor-negative children.