Early life stress and autonomic response to acute mental stress in individuals with coronary heart disease

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Ye Ji Kim, Emory University; Oleksiy M Levantsevych, Emory University; Lisa Elon, Emory University; Tene Lewis, Emory University; Shakira Suglia, Emory University; James Bremner, Emory University; Arshed Quyyumi, Emory University; Bradley Pearce, Emory University; Paolo Raggi, Emory University; Laura Vaccarino, Emory University; Amit Shah, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2022-01-15
• Publisher: WILEY
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2022 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.22766
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
• Volume: 35
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: 521
• End Page: 532
• Grant/Funding Information: Sources of funding for this research include the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32 HL130025, R01 HL109413, R01 HL109413–02S1, R01 HL125246, R01 HL136205, K23 HL127251, R03 HL146879, and P01 HL101398).
• Keywords: Psychology, Clinical; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; DEPRESSION; Social Sciences; RISK; DYSFUNCTION; CONSEQUENCES; Science & Technology; ABUSE; Psychology; DISORDER; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; Psychiatry; RATE-VARIABILITY; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES

Abstract

Early life stress (ELS) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We examined whether ELS was associated with autonomic function and stress reactivity among individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD). We included patients with stable CHD from two parallel studies, the Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study (MIPS) and the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress Study 2 (MIMS2), and assessed ELS using the Early Trauma Inventory–Self-Report–Short Form. Participants underwent a laboratory-based mental stress task while undergoing ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. We used multivariate linear regression models to estimate the associations between ELS and heart rate variability (HRV; low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF and HF [LH] ratio). The analytic sample included 405 MIPS and 284 MIMS2 participants. Most participants endorsed at least one experience of ELS (92.2%). Although we did not observe associations between ELS and HRV outcomes in the overall sample, ELS was associated with lower LH ratio HRV during recovery in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subgroup, ELS x PTSD interaction, p =.041. In the MIMS2 subgroup, ELS was associated with lower resting period LF HRV, (Formula presented.) = −0.16 ln ms2; 95% CI [−0.31, −0.02]. Exposure to physical trauma was associated with decreased HF HRV overall reactivity only among participants with high to moderate depressive symptoms, (Formula presented.) = −0.52 ln ms2 vs. (Formula presented.) = 0.01 ln ms2, p =.013. Overall, heterogeneous associations between ELS and HRV emerged, suggesting the need for additional research regarding longer-term ambulatory HRV.