Throwing Transcription for a Loop: Expression of the Genome in the 3D Nucleus

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Chunhui Hou, Emory University; Victor Corces, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2012-04
• Publisher: Springer Verlag (Germany)
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © Springer-Verlag 2011
• Final Published Version (URL): http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00412-011-0352-7
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Chromosoma
• ISSN: 0009-5915
• Volume: 121
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: 107
• End Page: 116
• Grant/Funding Information: Work in the authors' laboratory is supported by U.S. Public Health Service Award GM35463 from the National Institutes of Health.
• Keywords: Transcription; Epigenetics; Nucleus; Chromatin
• Research Categories: Biology, Cell

Abstract

The functional output of the genome is closely dependent on its organization within the nucleus, which ranges from the 10 nm chromatin fiber to the three-dimensional arrangement of this fiber in the nuclear space. Recent observations suggest that intra-and inter-chromosomal interactions between distant sequences underlie several aspects of transcription regulatory processes. These contacts can bring enhancers close to their target genes, or prevent inappropriate interactions between regulatory sequences via insulators. In addition, intra- and inter-chromosomal interactions can bring co-activated or co-repressed genes to the same nuclear location. Recent technological advances have made it possible to map long-range cis and trans interactions at relatively high resolution. This information is being used to develop three-dimensional maps of the arrangement of the genome in the nucleus and to understand causal relationships between nuclear structure and function.