Self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Lucy Cronin-Golomb, Emory University; Patricia Bauer, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-02-01
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103816
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Acta Psychologica
• Volume: 232
• Start Page: 103816
• Grant/Funding Information: Support for this research was provided by Emory College of Arts and Sciences. The first author was supported by institutional NRSA Training Grant HD071845
• Keywords: Informal learning; Self-directed learning; Self-motivated learning; Executive functions; Personality traits; Self-efficacy
• Research Categories: Psychology, Behavioral; Education, General

Abstract

Self-motivated and directed learning is integral to knowledge base expansion for learners of all ages. Both motivational and cognitive processes drive self-motivated and directed lifelong learning, yet how these different processes operate together from childhood through adulthood is largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the role of personal motivators, such as beliefs in self-efficacy and personality traits in self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan. We then consider the role of cognitive processes that contribute to knowledge base expansion in learners of all ages, specifically executive functions. We focus on working memory, inhibitory control, and task switching as potential determinants of lifelong learning. Finally, we integrate the two literatures, to discuss ways in which personal motivators may influence deployment of executive functions under self-motivated and directed conditions as a learner advances along a developmental trajectory. We also suggest ways to move the study of self-motivated and directed learning beyond observation and self-report measures thus affording experimental control. We aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding and novel insight to the mechanisms and processes of self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan.