Relation of 24-hour urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolite excretions with self-reported consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages in the general population

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Dusan Petrovic, Lausanne University Hospital; Sandrine Estoppey Younes, Lausanne University Hospital; Menno Pruijm, Lausanne University Hospital; Belén Ponte, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG); Daniel Ackermann, University of Bern; Georg Ehret, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG); Nicolas Ansermot, Lausanne University Hospital; Markus Mohaupt, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG); Fred Paccaud, Lausanne University Hospital; Bruno Vogt, University of Bern; Antoinette Pechère-Bertschi, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG); Pierre-Yves Martin, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG); Michel Burnier, Lausanne University Hospital; Chin B. Eap, Lausanne University Hospital; Murielle Bochud, Lausanne University Hospital; Idris Guessous, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2016-11-17
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2016 The Author(s). The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-016-0144-4
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Nutrition and Metabolism
• ISSN: 1743-7075
• Volume: 13
• Start Page: 81
• End Page: 81
• Grant/Funding Information: The SKIPOGH study is supported by a grant from the Swiss national science foundation (FN 33CM30-124087).
• Keywords: WOMEN; Caffeine; DETERMINANTS; VALIDITY; Paraxanthine; Theophylline; REPRODUCIBILITY; Population-based; Urinary excretion; Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; HEALTH; SOFT DRINK; REFERENCE VALUES; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; BLOOD-PRESSURE; Questionnaire
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Health Sciences, Nutrition

Abstract

Background: Caffeine intake is generally estimated by self-reported consumption, but it remains unclear how well self-report associates with metabolite urinary excretion. We investigated the associations of self-reported consumption of caffeinated drinks with urinary excretion of caffeine and its major metabolites in an adult population. Methods: We used data from the population-based Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) study. Consumption of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee and other caffeinated beverages was assessed by self-administered questionnaire. Quantification of caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in 24-h urine. Association of reported consumption of caffeinated drinks with urinary caffeine derived metabolites was determined by quantile regression. We then explored the association between urinary metabolite excretion and dichotomized weekly consumption frequency of caffeinated coffee, with Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: In the present analysis, we included 598 individuals (52% women, mean age =46 ± 17 years). Self-reported caffeinated coffee intake was positively associated with 24-h urinary excretions of paraxanthine, theophylline and caffeine (p < 0.001), whereas reported intakes of decaffeinated coffee and other caffeinated beverages showed no association. In ROC analysis, optimal discrimination between individuals consuming less than one caffeinated coffee/week, vs. at least one coffee, was obtained for 24-h urinary paraxanthine (Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.868, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.830;0.906]), with slightly lower performance for theophylline and caffeine, whereas theobromine did not allow any discrimination. Conclusion: Our results suggest that reported consumption of caffeinated coffee is positively associated with 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine, paraxanthine, and theophylline, and may be used as a marker of caffeine intake for epidemiological studies.