Higher ratio of plasma omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is associated with greater risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based cohort study in UK Biobank

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Yuchen Zhang, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, US; Yitang Sun, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, US; Qi Yu, Emory University; Suhang Song, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, US; J. Thomas Brenna, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US; Ye Shen, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, US; Kaixiong Ye, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, US
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-06-12
• Publisher: NIH
• Publication Version: Preprint (Prior to Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2023, Zhang et al.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.16.23284631
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: medRxiv
• Grant/Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institute of Health under the award number R35GM143060 (KY). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
• Keywords: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Omega-3 fatty acids; Prospective studies; Omega-6 fatty acids; Mortality
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Nutrition; Health Sciences, Public Health; Chemistry, Biochemistry; Biology, Biostatistics

Abstract

Background Circulating omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with various chronic diseases and mortality, but results are conflicting. Few studies examined the role of a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio in mortality. Methods We investigated plasma omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs and their ratio in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort, the UK Biobank. Of 85,425 participants who had complete information on circulating PUFAs, 6,461 died during follow-up, including 2,794 from cancer and 1,668 from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Associations were estimated by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for relevant risk factors. Results Risk for all three mortality outcomes increased as the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs increased (all Ptrend < 0.05). Comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles, individuals had 26% (95% CI, 15–38%) higher total mortality, 14% (95% CI, 0–31%) higher cancer mortality, and 31% (95% CI, 10–55%) higher CVD mortality. Moreover, omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in plasma were all inversely associated with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality, with omega-3 showing stronger effects. Conclusions Using a population-based cohort in UK Biobank, our study revealed a strong association between the ratio of circulating omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs and the risk of all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality.