Characteristics of HIV target CD4 T cells collected using different sampling methods from the genital tract of HIV seronegative women

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: S. Iyer, Emory University; Michael J. Sabula, Emory University; Cyra Mehta, Emory University; Lisa Haddad, Emory University; Nakita L. Brown, Emory University; Rama Amara, Emory University; Ighoverha Ofotokun, Emory University; Anandi Sheth, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-06-01
• Publisher: Public Library of Science
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2017 Iyer et al
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178193
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: PLoS ONE
• ISSN: 1932-6203
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 6
• Start Page: e0178193
• End Page: e0178193
• Grant/Funding Information: The WIHS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with additional co-funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH).; WIHS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000454 (Atlanta CTSA).; This study was funded by the NIH (1K23AI114407 to ANS).; Targeted supplemental funding for specific projects is also provided by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and the NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health.; The α4β7 reagent used in these studies was provided by the NIH Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource (R24 OD010976, and NIAID contract HHSN 272201300031C).
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Health Sciences, Public Health

Abstract

Background: Understanding the immune profile of CD4 T cells, the primary targets for HIV, in the female genital tract (FGT) is critical for evaluating and developing effective biomedical HIV prevention strategies in women. However, longitudinal investigation of HIV susceptibility markers expressed by FGT CD4 T cells has been hindered by low cellular yield and risk of samplingassociated trauma. We investigated three minimally invasive FGT sampling methods to characterize and compare CD4 T cell yield and phenotype with the goal of establishing feasible sampling strategies for immune profiling of mucosal CD4 T cells. Methods and results: FGT samples were collected bimonthly from 12 healthy HIV negative women of reproductive age in the following order: 1) Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), 2) two sequential endocervical flocked swabs (FS), and 3) two sequential endocervical cytobrushes (CB1, CB2). Cells were isolated and phentoyped via flow cytometry. CD4 T cell recovery was highest from each individual CB compared to either CVL or FS (p < 0.0001). The majority of CD4 T cells within the FGT, regardless of sampling method, expressed CCR5 relative to peripheral blood (p < 0.01). Within the CB, CCR5+ CD4 T cells expressed significantly higher levels of α4β7, CD69, and low levels of CD27 relative to CCR5- CD4 T cells (all p < 0.001). We also identified CD4 Treg lineage cells expressing CCR5 among CB samples. Conclusions Using three different mucosal sampling methods collected longitudinally we demonstrate that CD4 T cells within the FGT express CCR5 and α4β7 and are highly activated, attributes which could act in concert to facilitate HIV acquisition. FS and CB sampling methods can allow for investigation of strategies to reduce HIV target cells in the FGT and could inform the design and interpretation microbicide and vaccine studies in women.