Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathophysiology of NADPH Oxidases in the Cardiovascular System

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Bernard P Lassegue, Emory University; Alejandra San Martin Almeyda, Emory University; Kathy Griendling, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2012-05-11
• Publisher: American Heart Association
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/110/10/1364
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Circulation Research
• ISSN: 0009-7330
• Volume: 110
• Issue: 10
• Start Page: 1364
• End Page: 1390
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by NIH grants HL38206, HL095070, HL058863 and HL093115.
• Keywords: vascular smooth muscle; cardiac hypertrophy; endothelial cells; NADPH oxidases; hypertension; cardiomyocytes; atherosclerosis
• Research Categories: Biology, Physiology; Chemistry, Biochemistry

Abstract

The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are critical mediators of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These proteins are expressed in virtually all cardiovascular cells, and regulate such diverse functions as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, inflammatory responses and oxygen sensing. They target a number of important signaling molecules, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, ion channels and proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton. Nox enzymes have been implicated in many different cardiovascular pathologies: atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, angiogenesis and collateral formation, stroke and heart failure. In this review, we discuss in detail the biochemistry of Nox enzymes expressed in the cardiovascular system (Nox1, 2, 4 and 5), their roles in cardiovascular cell biology, and their contributions to disease development.