Imaging Techniques to Determine Degree of Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Benjamin N Schmeusser, Emory University; Adil A Ali, Emory University; Florian J Fintelmann, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Jose M Garcia, University of Washington; Grant R Williams, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Viraj A Master, Emory University; Sarah P Psutka, University of Washington
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-04-10
• Publisher: SPRINGER
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2024 Springer Nature
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-023-01157-6
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: CURRENT UROLOGY REPORTS
• Volume: 24
• Issue: 7
• Start Page: 317
• End Page: 334
• Grant/Funding Information: Dr. Psutka is funded by the National Institute on Aging, GEMSSTAR AWARD (RO3), Award ID#1R03AG073990-01A1.
• Keywords: GLASGOW PROGNOSTIC SCORE; Renal cell carcinoma (RCC); Inflammation; Prognostic factor; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES; Skeletal muscle; BODY-MASS INDEX; OBESITY; Body composition; DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITY; RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE DEPLETION; Science & Technology; Sarcopenia; Urology & Nephrology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; SURVIVAL; CANCER CACHEXIA; SOLID TUMORS
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Oncology; Gerontology; Health Sciences, Radiology

Abstract

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date understanding regarding the literature on sarcopenia and inflammation as prognostic factors in the context of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recent Findings: Sarcopenia is increasingly recognized as a prognostic factor in RCC. Emerging literature suggests monitoring quantity of muscle on successive imaging and examining muscle density may be additionally informative. Inflammation has prognostic ability in RCC and is also considered a key contributor to development and progression of both RCC and sarcopenia. Recent studies suggest these two prognostic factors together may provide additional prognostic ability when used in combination. Ongoing developments include quality control regarding sarcopenia research and imaging, improving understanding of muscle loss mechanisms, and enhancing clinical incorporation of sarcopenia via improving imaging analysis practicality (i.e., artificial intelligence) and feasible biomarkers. Summary: Sarcopenia and systemic inflammation are complementary prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in patients with RCC. Further study on high-quality sarcopenia assessment standardization and expedited sarcopenia assessment is desired for eventual routine clinical incorporation of these prognostic factors.