Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3 and Mammography Density among Mexican Women

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Amina Amadou, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Carine Biessy, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Veronika Fedirko, Emory University; Nada Assi, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Martin Lajous, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico; Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico; Elsa Yunes, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico; Ruy Lopez-Ridaura, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico; Gabriela Torres-Mejia, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico; Isabelle Romieu, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2016-08-26
• Publisher: Public Library of Science
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2016 Amadou et al.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161686
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: PLoS ONE
• ISSN: 1932-6203
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 8
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), grant number 10A035; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), grant number 115312; and Ministry of Health of Mexico, AVON, Banorte.
• Keywords: Linear regression analysis; Menarche; Mexican people; POLYMORPHISMS; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Vitamins; Body mass index; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL; Science & Technology; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; Multidisciplinary Sciences; MECHANISMS; BREAST-CANCER RISK; Vitamin D; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; Mammography; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; ASSOCIATION; Physical activity
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Nutrition; Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Health Sciences, Oncology

Abstract

Low circulating levels of vitamin D and high mammographic density (MD) have been associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Although some evidence suggested an inverse association between circulating vitamin D and MD, no studies have investigated this association among Mexican women. We examined whether serum 25−hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were associated with MD in a cross-sectional study nested within the large Mexican Teacher's Cohort. This study included 491 premenopausal women with a mean age of 42.9 years. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression and non-linear adjusted models were used to estimate the association of MD with serum 25(OH)D3. Median serum 25(OH)D3 level was 27.3 (23.3–32.8) (ng/ml). Forty one (8%) women had 25(OH)D3 levels in the deficient range (< 20 ng/ml). Body mass index (BMI) and total physical activity were significantly correlated with 25(OH)D3 (r = −0.109, P = 0.019 and r = 0.095, P = 0.003, respectively). In the multivariable linear regression, no significant association was observed between 25(OH)D3 levels and MD overall. However, in stratified analyses, higher serum 25(OH)D3 levels (≥27.3 ng/ml) were significantly inversely associated with percent MD among women with BMI below the median (β = −0.52, P = 0.047). Although no significant association was observed between serum 25(OH)D3 and percent MD in the overall population, specific subgroups of women may benefit from higher serum 25(OH)D3 levels.