Outcomes of a Live Messaging, Blended Care Coaching Program Among Adults With Symptoms of Anxiety: Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Study

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Jocelynn T Owusu, Lyra Health; Pam Wang, Lyra Health; Robert E Wickham, Northern Arizona University; Sarah F Smith, Lyra Health; Jennifer Lee, Emory University; Connie Chen, Lyra Health; Anita Lungu, Lyra Health
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-01-01
• Publisher: JMIR Publications
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: ©Jocelynn T Owusu, Pam Wang, Robert E Wickham, Sarah F Smith, Jennifer L Lee, Connie Chen, Anita Lungu. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 01.02.2023.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/44138
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: JMIR Formative Research
• Volume: 7
• Start Page: e44138
• End Page: e44138
• Keywords: anxiety; blended care; text-based coaching
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Background: Anxiety disorders are common and can be debilitating. In addition, various barriers exist that can hinder access to adequate care. Coaching that is grounded in evidence-based interventions and delivered via synchronous (ie, live) text-based messaging could potentially increase the reach of mental health services among populations who select this modality instead of other services (eg, face-to-face coaching and psychotherapy). In addition, the delivery of live messaging coaching within a blended care model has the potential to combine the benefits of coaching with those of evidence-based digital mental health tools. Objective: This real-world study evaluates the anxiety and satisfaction outcomes of live messaging coaching blended with digital tools (ie, digital exercises and activities). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 121 adults with moderate levels of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of coaching (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] scores: range 8-14). Participants received an employer-offered blended messaging coaching (BMC) program, and those who opted to receive all live coaching sessions via text-based messaging were included. Anxiety symptom severity was regularly measured by using the GAD-7 scale. Using growth curve models, the change in GAD-7 scores over the course of BMC was evaluated, as were the effects of text-based coaching sessions on GAD-7 scores. The proportion of participants that had a reliable improvement in anxiety symptom severity (GAD-7 score reduction of ≥4) or subclinical symptom severity (GAD-7 score of <8) at the end of care was also estimated. Participants also self-reported their likelihood of recommending their live messaging coach to someone with similar needs. Results: At baseline, the average GAD-7 score was 9.88 (SD 1.80). Anxiety symptom severity significantly decreased with each week in the BMC program (week: b=-1.04; P<.001), and the rate of decline in anxiety symptom severity decreased over time (week2: b=0.06; P<.001). Each live messaging coaching session was associated with significantly lower anxiety symptom severity during the week of the coaching session (b=-1.56; P<.001) and the week immediately following the session (b=-1.03; P<.001). Overall, 86% (104/121) of participants had subclinical symptom severity or a reliable reduction in anxiety symptom severity by the end of care. Further, 33.1% (40/121) of participants reported coaching satisfaction levels; of the 40 participants in this subset, 37 (92.5%) were likely or extremely likely to recommend their live messaging coach. Conclusions: BMC that provides coaching sessions via live messaging can be beneficial for adults with moderate symptoms of anxiety who qualify for and self-select this care modality. Large-scale studies with longer follow-ups are needed.