Zika in the Americas, year 2: What have we learned? What gaps remain? A report from the Global Virus Network

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Matthew T. Aliota, University of Wisconsin Madison; Leda C. Bassit, Emory University; Shelton S. Bradrick, University of Texas Medical Branch; Bryan Cox, Emory University; Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco, University of Texas Medical Branch; Christina Gavegnano, Emory University; Thomas C. Friedrich, University of Wisconsin Madison; Thaddeus G. Golos, University of Wisconsin Madison; Diane E. Griffin, Global Virus Network; Andrew D. Haddow, Global Virus Network; Esper G. Kallas, Global Virus Network; Uriel Kitron, Emory University; Marc Lecuit, Global Virus Network; Diogo M. Magnani, University of Miami; Caroline Marrs, University of Texas Medical Branch; Natalia Mercer, Global Virus Network; Edward McSweegan, Global Virus Network; Lisa F.P. Ng, Global Virus Network; David H. O'Connor, University of Wisconsin Madison; Jorge E. Osorio, Global Virus Network; Guilherme Ribeiro, Universidade Federal da Bahia; Michael Ricciardi, University of Miami; Shannan L. Rossi, University of Texas Medical Branch; George Saade, University of Texas Medical Branch; Raymond F Schinazi, Emory University; Geraldine O. Schott-Lerner, University of Texas Medical Branch; Chao Shan, University of Texas Medical Branch; Pei-Yong Shi, University of Texas Medical Branch; David I. Watkins, Global Virus Network; Niko Vasilakis, University of Texas Medical Branch; Scott C. Weaver, Global Virus Network
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-08-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Masson
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.001
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Antiviral Research
• ISSN: 0166-3542
• Volume: 144
• Start Page: 223
• End Page: 246
• Grant/Funding Information: Work from the authors’ laboratories was funded by in part by U.S. National Institutes of Health grants: R01NS087539-S1 (to DEG), R21AI129607 (to RFS), and R24AI120942, R01AI121452 (to SCW) R01 AI107157-01A1 (to TGG), R01AI116382-01A1S1 (to DHO), U01AI115577 (to NV) and P51 OD011106 (to the WNPRC).
• Keywords: PROLONGED DETECTION; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Antiviral therapy; Maternal-fetal transmission; RHESUS-MONKEYS; Congenital manifestations; HUMAN CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS; NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; BORNE TRANSMISSION; Vaccines; Zika virus; Virology; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; Arbovirus; MALE SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; Science & Technology
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Pathology; Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology

Abstract

In response to the outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the Western Hemisphere and the recognition of a causal association with fetal malformations, the Global Virus Network (GVN) assembled an international taskforce of virologists to promote basic research, recommend public health measures and encourage the rapid development of vaccines, antiviral therapies and new diagnostic tests. In this article, taskforce members and other experts review what has been learned about ZIKV-induced disease in humans, its modes of transmission and the cause and nature of associated congenital manifestations. After describing the make-up of the taskforce, we summarize the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas, Africa and Asia, its spread by mosquitoes, and current control measures. We then review the spectrum of primary ZIKV-induced disease in adults and children, sites of persistent infection and sexual transmission, then examine what has been learned about maternal-fetal transmission and the congenital Zika syndrome, including knowledge obtained from studies in laboratory animals. Subsequent sections focus on vaccine development, antiviral therapeutics and new diagnostic tests. After reviewing current understanding of the mechanisms of emergence of Zika virus, we consider the likely future of the pandemic.