Chorioamnionitis and Early Childhood Outcomes Among Extremely Low-Gestational-Age Neonates

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Athina Pappas, Wayne State University; Douglas E. Kendrick, RTI International; Seetha Shankaran, Wayne State University; Barbara Stoll, Emory University; Edward F. Bell, Emory University; Abbott R. Laptook, Brown University; Michele C. Walsh, Emory University; Abhik Das, RTI International; Ellen C. Hale, Emory University; Nancy S. Newman, Case Western Reserve University; Rosemary D. Higgins, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
• Language: English
• Date: 2014-02-01
• Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
• Final Published Version (URL): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1791583
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: JAMA Pediatrics
• ISSN: 2168-6203
• Volume: 168
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: 137
• End Page: 147
• Grant/Funding Information: The National Institutes of Health and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) provided grant support for the Neonatal Research Network Generic Data Base and Follow-up Studies.
• Keywords: Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Science & Technology; HISTOLOGIC CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; RESEARCH NETWORK; IMPACT; ISCHEMIC TOLERANCE; TERM; Pediatrics; EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS; PREGNANCY; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; INFECTION
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Human Development; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Chorioamnionitis is strongly linked to preterm birth and neonatal infection. The association between histological and clinical chorioamnionitis and cognitive, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm neonates is less clear.We evaluated the impact of chorioamnionitis on 18- to 22-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in a contemporary cohort of extremely preterm neonates. OBJECTIVE To compare the neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes of 3 groups of extremely low-gestational-age infants with increasing exposure to perinatal inflammation: no chorioamnionitis, histological chorioamnionitis alone, or histological plus clinical chorioamnionitis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal observational study at 16 centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Two thousand three hundred ninety extremely preterm infants born at less than 27 weeks' gestational age (GA) between January 1,2006, and December 31,2008, with placental histopathology and 18 to 22 months' corrected age follow-up data were eligible. MAIN EXPOSURE Chorioamnionitis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes included cerebral palsy, gross motor functional limitation, behavioral scores (according to the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment), cognitive and language scores (according to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition), and composite measures of death/ neurodevelopmental impairment. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were developed to assess the association between chorioamnionitis and outcomes while controlling for important variables known at birth. RESULTS Neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis had a lower GA and higher rates of early-onset sepsis and severe periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage as compared with unexposed neonates. In multivariable models evaluating death and neurodevelopmental outcomes, inclusion of GA in the model diminished the association between chorioamnionitis and adverse outcomes. Still, histological plus clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment as compared with no chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.38 [95%CI, 1.32 to 4.28] without GA; adjusted OR, 2.00 [95%CI, 1.10 to 3.64] with GA as a covariate). Histological chorioamnionitis alone was associated with lower odds of death/neurodevelopmental impairment as compared with histological plus clinical chorioamnionitis (adjusted OR, 0.68 [95%CI, 0.52 to 0.89] without GA; adjusted OR, 0.66 [95%CI, 0.49 to 0.89] with GA as a covariate). Risk of behavioral problems did not differ statistically between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Antenatal exposure to chorioamnionitis is associated with altered odds of cognitive impairment and death/neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely preterm infants.