The RU_SATED as a measure of sleep health: cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Chinese healthcare students

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Runtang Meng, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Lu Dong, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica; Joseph M Dzierzewski, Virginia Commonwealth University; Stefanos Mastrotheodoros, University of Crete, Greece; Menglu Cao, Southwest University, Chongqing; Bilin Yu, Beijing Foreign Studies University; Jue Wang, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai; Boxiong Gong, Hubei University of Medicine, China; Jingjing Li, Emory University; Karen Spruyt, Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Paris
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-07-05
• Publisher: SPRINGERNATURE
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2024 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01203-5
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: BMC PSYCHOLOGY
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 200
• End Page: 200
• Grant/Funding Information: This study was funded by the Medical Research Fund of Zhejiang Province, Grant No. 2023RC073 and the Research Initiation Fund of Hangzhou Normal University, Grant No. RWSK20201003.
• Keywords: Psychology; RU_SATED; GUIDELINE; PACKAGE; ALPHA; COSMIN; Cross-cultural adaptation; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; COEFFICIENTS; QUALITY; ANXIETY; Social Sciences; Psychometrics; DISTURBANCES; Validation; Sleep health; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; Longitudinal; DEPRESSION
• Research Categories: Psychology, Behavioral; Psychology, Physiological; Health Sciences, Oncology; Health Sciences, Public Health

Abstract

Background: The RU_SATED scale is a multidimensional instrument measuring sleep health, consisting of Regularity, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, Duration dimensions. We adapted and validated the Chinese RU_SATED (RU_SATED-C) scale. Methods: The RU_SATED-C scale was developed through a formal linguistic validation process and was validated in an observational longitudinal survey design. Healthcare students completed the RU_SATED scale, Sleep Quality Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 among two sites of Hangzhou and Ningbo, China. Psychometric assessments included structural validity, longitudinal measurement invariance, convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Results: A total of 911 healthcare students completed the RU_SATED-C scale at baseline (Time 1, T1) and follow-up (Time 2, T2) with an average time interval of 7 days + 5.37 h. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a single-factor model and resulted in an acceptable model fit. The two-factor model previously found in the Japanese version fit better than the one-factor model, whereas the one-factor model fit had a better fit than the two-factor model found in the English version. Longitudinal CFA resulted in negligible changes in fit indices for four forms of increasingly restrictive models and supported that a single-factor model was equivalent over time. The data also endorsed longitudinal measurement invariance among the two-factor models found in the English and Japanese samples. The RU_SATED-C scale total score displayed a moderately strong negative correlation with sleep quality; however, negligible associations were observed with anxiety and depression. Ordinal Cronbach’s alpha and Ordinal McDonald's omega at T1 and T2 ranged from suboptimal to acceptable. The RU_SATED-C scale and all items were significantly correlated across time intervals. Conclusion: The RU_SATED-C scale is an easy-to-use instrument with potentially valid data for the measurement of multidimensional sleep health. Use of the RU_SATED-C scale can help raise awareness of sleep health and could pave the way for important efforts to promote healthy sleep.