Epigenetic associations with adolescent grey matter maturation and cognitive development

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Dawn Jensen, Emory University; Jiayu Chen, Emory University; Jessica A Turner, Emory University; Julia M Stephen, Mind Research Network, Albuquerque; Yu-Ping Wang, Tulane University; Tony W Wilson, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha; Vince D Calhoun, Emory University; Jingyu Liu, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-07-17
• Publisher: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2023 Jensen, Chen, Turner, Stephen, Wang, Wilson, Calhoun and Liu.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1222619
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
• Volume: 14
• Start Page: 1222619
• End Page: 1222619
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was supported by grants R01-MH121101, P20-GM144641, P30-GM122734, P50-AA22534, R56-MH124925, and R01-MH118695 from the National Institutes of Health and grants 1539067 and 2112455 from the National Science Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.
• Keywords: CHILDHOOD; neuroimaging epigenetics; cognition; methylation; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; adolescent development; GRAY-MATTER; grey matter; Genetics & Heredity; BRAIN; DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; VOLUME; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; CHILDREN; Science & Technology; sMRI; SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Research Categories: Computer Science; Biology, Neuroscience; Biology, Genetics; Engineering, Biomedical

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence, a critical phase of human neurodevelopment, is marked by a tremendous reorganization of the brain and accompanied by improved cognitive performance. This development is driven in part by gene expression, which in turn is partly regulated by DNA methylation (DNAm). Methods: We collected brain imaging, cognitive assessments, and DNAm in a longitudinal cohort of approximately 200 typically developing participants, aged 9–14. This data, from three time points roughly 1 year apart, was used to explore the relationships between seven cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites in genes highly expressed in brain tissues (GRIN2D, GABRB3, KCNC1, SLC12A9, CHD5, STXBP5, and NFASC), seven networks of grey matter (GM) volume change, and scores from seven cognitive tests. Results: The demethylation of the CpGs as well as the rates of change in DNAm were significantly related to improvements in total, crystalized, and fluid cognition scores, executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed, as well as several networks of GM volume increases and decreases that highlight typical patterns of brain maturation. Discussion: Our study provides a first look at the DNAm of genes involved in myelination, excitatory and inhibitory receptors, and connectivity, how they are related to the large-scale changes occurring in the brain structure as well as cognition during adolescence.