Transcriptional atlas of the human immune response to 13 vaccines reveals a common predictor of vaccine-induced antibody responses

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Thomas Hagan, University of Cincinnati; Bram Gerritsen, Yale University; Lewis E. Tomalin, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Slim Fourati, Emory University; Matthew P. Mulè, Cambridge University; Daniel G. Chawla, Yale University; Dmitri Rychkov, University of California, San Francisco; Evan Henrich, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Helen E.R. Miller, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Joann Diray-Arce, Boston Children's Hospital; Patrick Dunn, NG Health Solution; Audrey Lee, Stanford University; Ofer Levy, Harvard University; Raphael Gottardo, University of Lausanne; Minne M> Sarwal, University of California, San Francisco; John S. Tsang, NIAID and Center for Human Immunology; Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Rafick Sekaly, Emory University; Steven H. Kleinstein, Yale University; Bali Pulendran, Stanford University
• Language: English
• Date: 2022-10-31
• Publisher: Springer Nature
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2022, Springer Nature America, Inc.
• Final Published Version (URL): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-022-01328-6
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Nature Immunology
• Volume: 23
• Issue: 12
• Start Page: 1788
• End Page: 1798
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was performed as a project of the Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) and supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This work was supported in part by NIH grants U19AI118608, U19AI128949, U19AI090023, U19AI118626, U19AI089992, U19AI128914, U19AI128910, U19AI118610, U19AI128913, and the Intramural Program of NIAID and NIH institutes supporting the Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI). OL is supported in part by the Department of Pediatrics at Boston Children’s Hospital. Work in Bali Pulendran’s lab is supported in part by National Institutes of Health (R37 DK057665; R01 AI048638; U19 AI057266; U19 AI167903), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Philanthropy, and the Violetta L. Horton and Soffer Endowments to B.P.
• Keywords: antibody response; immunity; vaccinology
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Biology, General

Abstract

Systems vaccinology has defined molecular signatures and mechanisms of immunity to vaccination. However, comparative analysis of immunity to different vaccines is lacking. We integrated transcriptional data of over 3,000 samples, from 820 adults across 28 studies of 13 vaccines and analyzed vaccination-induced signatures of antibody responses. Most vaccines induced signatures of innate immunity and plasmablasts at Days 1 and 7 respectively post-vaccination. However, the yellow fever vaccine induced an early transient signature of T and B cell activation at Day 1, followed by delayed antiviral/interferon and plasmablast signatures that peaked at Days 7 and 14–21, respectively. Thus, there was no evidence for a “universal signature” that predicted antibody response to all vaccines. However, accounting for the asynchronous nature of responses we defined a time-adjusted signature that predicted antibody responses across vaccines. These results provide a transcriptional atlas of immunity to vaccination and define a common, time-adjusted signature of antibody responses.