The HPAfrica protocol: Assessment of health behaviour and population-based socioeconomic, hygiene behavioural factors - a standardised repeated cross-sectional study in multiple cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Gi Deok Pak, International Vaccine Institute; Andrea Haekyung Haselbeck, International Vaccine Institute; Hyeong Won Seo, International Vaccine Institute; Isaac Osei, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; John Amuasi, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Robert Breiman, Emory University; Ligia Maria Cruz Espinosa, International Vaccine Institute; Marianne Holm, International Vaccine Institute; Justin Im, International Vaccine Institute; Geun Hyeog Jang, International Vaccine Institute; Hyon Jin Jeon, International Vaccine Institute; Stephen P. Luby, Stanford University; Octavie Lunguya-Metila, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa; William MacWright, Emory University; Ondari Daniel Mogeni, International Vaccine Institute; Iruka N. Okeke, University of Ibadan; Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Jin Kyung Park, International Vaccine Institute; Se Eun Park, International Vaccine Institute; Oluwafemi Popoola, University of Ibadan; Hye Jin Seo, International Vaccine Institute; Abdramane Bassiahi Soura, University of Ouagadougou; Mekonnen Teferi, Armauer Hansen Research Institute; Trevor Toy, International Vaccine Institute; Yun Chon, International Vaccine Institute; Mathilde Rafindrakalia, University of Antananarivo; Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy, University of Antananarivo; Christian G. Meyer, Duy Tan University; Florian Marks, International Vaccine Institute; Ursula Panzner, International Vaccine Institute
• Language: English
• Date: 2018-12-01
• Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group: Open Access
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021438
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: BMJ Open
• ISSN: 2044-6055
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 12
• Start Page: e021438
• End Page: e021438
• Grant/Funding Information: The International Vaccine Institute acknowledges its donors, including the Republic of Korea and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida).; This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1127988).
• Keywords: Science & Technology; RISK-FACTORS; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; COVERAGE; TYPHOID-FEVER SURVEILLANCE; DESIGN; SAMPLE; Medicine, General & Internal; VACCINATION; ILLNESS; CARE; DIARRHEA; OF-LIFE QUESTIONNAIRES; General & Internal Medicine
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Health Sciences, Pharmacology; Biology, Microbiology

Abstract

Introduction The objective of the Health Population Africa (HPAfrica) study is to determine health behaviour and population-based factors, including socioeconomic, ethnographic, hygiene and sanitation factors, at sites of the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) programme. SETA aims to investigate healthcare facility-based fever surveillance in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar and Nigeria. Meaningful disease burden estimates require adjustment for health behaviour patterns, which are assumed to vary among a study population. Methods and analysis For the minimum sample size of household interviews required, the assumptions of an infinite population, a design effect and age-stratification and sex-stratification are considered. In the absence of a population sampling frame or household list, a spatial approach will be used to generate geographic random points with an Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System tool. Printouts of Google Earth Pro satellite imagery visualise these points. Data of interest will be assessed in different seasons by applying population-weighted stratified sampling. An Android-based application and a web service will be developed for electronic data capturing and synchronisation with the database server in real time. Sampling weights will be computed to adjust for possible differences in selection probabilities. Descriptive data analyses will be performed in order to assess baseline information of each study population and age-stratified and sex-stratified health behaviour. This will allow adjusting disease burden estimates. In addition, multivariate analyses will be applied to look into associations between health behaviour, population-based factors and the disease burden as determined in the SETA study. Ethics and dissemination Ethic approvals for this protocol were obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the International Vaccine Institute (No. 2016-0003) and by all collaborating institutions of participating countries. It is anticipated to disseminate findings from this study through publication on a peer-reviewed journal.