Label-free hematology analysis using deep-ultraviolet microscopy

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Ashkan Ojaghi, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gabriel Carrazana, Georgia Institute of Technology; Christina Caruso, Emory University; Asad Abbas, Georgia Institute of Technology; David Myers, Emory University; Wilbur Lam, Emory University; Francisco Robles, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-06-30
• Publisher: NATL ACAD SCIENCES
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: 2020
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001404117
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• Volume: 117
• Issue: 26
• Start Page: 14779
• End Page: 14789
• Grant/Funding Information: We also greatly acknowledge support for this work by the Massner Lane Family Foundation; Burroughs Wellcome Fund (CASI BWF 1014540); National Science Foundation (NSF CBET CAREER 1752011); and the Donaldson Charitable Trust Research Synergy Fund Award, a philanthropic award provided by the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, the Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Wallace H. Coulter Biomedical Engineering Department at Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology.
• Keywords: Multidisciplinary Sciences; molecular imaging; DIAGNOSIS; deep-UV microscopy; NEUTROPHIL LEFT SHIFT; Science & Technology - Other Topics; DIFFERENTIATION; INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN; Science & Technology; point-of-care diagnosis; DISEASE; BLOOD-CELL COUNT; hematology analysis; CYTOMETRY; label-free cell classification; LEUKOCYTES; NUCLEIC-ACID; BIOPSY
• Research Categories: Biology, Molecular; Biology, Cell

Abstract

Hematological analysis, via a complete blood count (CBC) and microscopy, is critical for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring blood conditions and diseases but requires complex equipment, multiple chemical reagents, laborious system calibration and procedures, and highly trained personnel for operation. Here we introduce a hematological assay based on label-free molecular imaging with deep-ultraviolet microscopy that can provide fast quantitative information of key hematological parameters to facilitate and improve hematological analysis. We demonstrate that this label-free approach yields 1) a quantitative five-part white blood cell differential, 2) quantitative red blood cell and hemoglobin characterization, 3) clear identification of platelets, and 4) detailed subcellular morphology. Analysis of tens of thousands of live cells is achieved in minutes without any sample preparation. Finally, we introduce a pseudocolorization scheme that accurately recapitulates the appearance of cells under conventional staining protocols for microscopic analysis of blood smears and bone marrow aspirates. Diagnostic efficacy is evaluated by a panel of hematologists performing a blind analysis of blood smears from healthy donors and thrombocytopenic and sickle cell disease patients. This work has significant implications toward simplifying and improving CBC and blood smear analysis, which is currently performed manually via bright-field microscopy, and toward the development of a low-cost, easy-to-use, and fast hematological analyzer as a point-of-care device and for low-resource settings.