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Prevalence and risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women from three southern geopolitical zones of Nigeria

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Last modified
  • 06/17/2025
Type of Material
Authors
    Chika Kingsley Onwuamah, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchNing Feng, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionAbidemi Esther Momoh, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchMabel Uwandu, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchRahaman Ademolu Ahmed, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchIfeoma Idigbe, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchGrace Deborah Vincent, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchChinenye Angela Ogbu, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchNkem Okonokow, Delta State UniversityJudith Sokei, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchBowofoluwa Sharon Abimbola, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchTemiloluwa Ojopagogo, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchLeona Chika Okoli, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchMary Adesina, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchPriscilla Ngozi Ezemelue, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchOmowunmi Sowunmi, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchJane Okwuzu, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchOlaoniye Habeebat Labo-Popoola, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchJoseph Ojonugwa Shaibu, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchGreg Aigbe Ohihoin, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchEmily Nzeribe, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo, NigeriaAgath David, Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchOlufemi Olaleye, Optimal Cancer Care Foundation CentreIgho Ofotokun, Emory UniversityXiao-ping Dong, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionOliver Chukwujekwi Ezechi, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
Language
  • English
Date
  • 2023-10-09
Publisher
  • Frontiers
Publication Version
Copyright Statement
  • © 2023 Onwuamah, Feng, Momoh, Uwandu, Ahmed, Idigbe, Vincent, Ogbu, Okonkwo, Sokei, Abimbola, Ojopagogo, Okoli, Adesina, Ezemelue, Sowunmi, Okwuzu, Labo−Popoola, Shaibu, Ohihoin, Nzeribe, David, Olaleye, Ofotokun, Dong and Ezechi
License
Final Published Version (URL)
Title of Journal or Parent Work
Volume
  • 13
Start Page
  • 1254304
Grant/Funding Information
  • China’s Public Health Assistance Capacity Building Program, China CDC donated study collection kits and laboratory test materials. The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, through the Population Genomics and Cancer (POPGEC) Group, provided resources for implementation, more testing and genotyping kits, data collection and analysis. The Fogarty International Centre of the National Institutes of Health, under Award Number D43TW010934, supports CO. He was a short-term scholar in this programme and is currently a mentor for several awardees in this programme. He is a visiting scholar at Emory University, courtesy of this mentorship programme (D43TW010934). However, the contents of this publication are solely the authors’ responsibility and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Abstract
  • Introduction Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer among women globally. Its burden is the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 90% mortality. Interventions may fail without evidence-based data on stratified prevalence and risk factors among most at-risk women across Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study, with participants recruited from the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research’s Clinics, NGO outreaches, a cancer screening centre and a university teaching hospital. Questionnaires were self-administered. Trained medics performed sampling at healthcare facilities, and self-sampling was used at outreaches. Results Nine hundred eighty-five study participants were recruited. About 37% and 27% of the women knew about HPV and its vaccines, respectively, but only 6% confirmed vaccination with HPV vaccines. HPV prevalence was highest among women with unknown marital status (35.9%), single women (33.8%), widowed/divorced/separated women (30.3%), and married/cohabiting women (19.6%). HPV infection was significantly higher among women who take alcohol (odds=1.7 [95% CI: 1.2-2.4]) and women who smoke (odds=2.6 [95% CI: 1.4 - 4.6]. HPV strains detected included HPV16 (1.3%), HPV18 (1.5%), Low Risk (0.2%) and Other High-Risk groups (19.7%). Conclusion The inverse relationship between prevalence and education suggests interventions improving awareness and prevention would be impactful. Such interventions could also target HIV-positive women, women presenting with sexually-transmitted infections, who smoke and frequently drink alcohol.
Author Notes
Keywords
Research Categories
  • Health Sciences, Oncology

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