The expanding functional roles and signaling mechanisms of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Rory K. Morgan, Oregon Health and Science University; Garret R. Anderson, University of California Riverside; Demet Arac, University of Chicago; Gabriela Aust, Leipzig University; Nariman Balenga, University of Maryland; Antony Boucard, IPN; James P. Bridges, University of Cincinnati; Felix B. Engel, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Caroline J. Formstone, Kings College London; Maike D. Glitsch, University of Oxford; Ryan S. Gray, University of Texas Austin; Randy Hall, Emory University; Cheng-Chih Hsiao, University of Amsterdam; Hee-Yong Kim, NIAAA; Alexander B. Knierim, Leipzig University; Deva Krupakar Kusuluri, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Katherine Leon, University of Chicago; Ines Liebscher, Leipzig University; Xianhua Piao, University of California San Francisco; Simone Proemel, Leipzig University; Nicole Scholz, Leipzig University; Swati Srivastava, Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU; Doreen Thor, Leipzig University; Kimberley F. Tolias, Baylor College of Medicine; Yuri A. Ushkaryov, University of Kent; Erwin Van Meir, Emory University; Mario Vallon, Stanford University; Benoit Vanhollebeke, Université libre de Bruxelles; Uwe Wolfrum, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Kevin M. Wright, Oregon Health and Science University; Kelly R. Monk, Oregon Health and Science University; Amit Mogha, Oregon Health and Science University
• Language: English
• Date: 2019-11-01
• Publisher: Wiley.
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14094
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
• Volume: 1456
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 5
• End Page: 25
• Grant/Funding Information: For financial support of the meeting, we thank Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), the Vollum Institute at OHSU, The University of Illinois at Chicago, The Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Tecniplast, Union Biometrica, and Zeiss for their generous contributions.
• Keywords: Genome-wide association; GPR126; Vasculostatin; GPCRS; development; Science & Technology - Other Topics; mechanosensation; neurobiology; Structural basis; GPR56; immunology; Polarity; cancer; N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine; structural biology; signal transduction; Science & Technology; Binding; Multidisciplinary Sciences; adhesion G protein-coupled receptor
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Oncology; Biology, Neuroscience; Biology, Cell; Chemistry, Biochemistry; Health Sciences, Immunology

Abstract

The adhesion class of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the second largest family of GPCRs (33 members in humans). Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are defined by a large extracellular N-terminal region that is linked to a C-terminal seven transmembrane (7TM) domain via a GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain containing a GPCR proteolytic site (GPS). Most aGPCRs undergo autoproteolysis at the GPS motif, but the cleaved fragments stay closely associated, with the N-terminal fragment (NTF) bound to the 7TM of the C-terminal fragment (CTF). The NTFs of most aGPCRs contain domains known to be involved in cell–cell adhesion, while the CTFs are involved in classical G protein signaling, as well as other intracellular signaling. In this workshop report, we review the most recent findings on the biology, signaling mechanisms, and physiological functions of aGPCRs.