Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 heterologous boost against SARS-CoV-2 variants

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Kirsten E. Lyke, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Robert L. Atmar, Baylor College of Medicine; Clara Dominguez Islas, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Christine M. Posavad, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Meagan E. Deming, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Angela R. Branche, University of Rochester; Christine Johnston, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Hana M. El Sahly, Baylor College of Medicine; Srilatha Edupuganti, Emory University; Mark Mulligan, Emory University; Lisa A. Jackson, Kaiser Permanente; Richard E. Rupp, UT Medical Branch at Galveston; Christina Rostad, Emory University; Rhea N. Coler, University of Washington School of Medicine; Martin Bäcker, NYU Long Island School of Medicine; Angelica C. Kottkamp, NYU Grossman School of Medicine; Tara M. Babu, University of Washington School of Medicine; David Dobrzynski, University of Rochester; Judith M. Martin, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Rebecca C. Brady, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Robert W. Frenck, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Kumaravel Rajakumar, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Karen Kotloff, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Nadine Rouphael, Emory University; Daniel Szydlo, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rahul PaulChoudhury, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Janet I. Archer, FHI360; Sonja Crandon, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Brian Ingersoll, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Amanda Eaton, Duke University Medical Center; Elizabeth R. Brown, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; M. Juliana McElrath, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Kathleen M. Neuzil, University of Maryland School of Medicine; David Stephens, Emory University; Diane J. Post, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Bob C. Lin, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Leonid Serebryannyy, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); John H. Beigel, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); David C. Montefiori, Duke University Medical Center; Paul C. Roberts, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Evan Anderson, Emory University; Daniel Graciaa, Emory University; Mehul Suthar, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-12-01
• Publisher: npj
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © The Author(s) 2023
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-023-00693-z
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: npj Vaccines
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 98
• End Page: 98
• Grant/Funding Information: The trial was sponsored and primarily funded by the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium through the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), under award numbers UM1AI48372, UM1AI148373, UM1AI148450, UM1AI148452, UM1AI148573, UM1AI148574, UM1AI148575, UM1AI148576, UM1AI148684, UM1 AI148689 and with support from the NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs) contract 75N93019C00050 and NIH Vaccine Research Center.
• Keywords: Viral infection; Translational research
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Immunology; Biology, Virology

Abstract

As part of a multicenter study evaluating homologous and heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccines, we assessed the magnitude, breadth, and short-term durability of binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody (PsVNA) responses following a single booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 in adults primed with either Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2 vaccines. NVX-CoV2373 as a heterologous booster was immunogenic and associated with no safety concerns through Day 91. Fold-rises in PsVNA titers from baseline (Day 1) to Day 29 were highest for prototypic D614G variant and lowest for more recent Omicron sub-lineages BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. Peak humoral responses against all SARS-CoV-2 variants were lower in those primed with Ad26.COV2.S than with mRNA vaccines. Prior SARS CoV-2 infection was associated with substantially higher baseline PsVNA titers, which remained elevated relative to previously uninfected participants through Day 91. These data support the use of heterologous protein-based booster vaccines as an acceptable alternative to mRNA or adenoviral-based COVID-19 booster vaccines. This trial was conducted under ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04889209.