Publication

No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses

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Last modified
  • 02/20/2025
Type of Material
Authors
    Chester Joyner, Emory UniversityJohn W. Barnwell, Emory UniversityMary Galinski, Emory University
Language
  • English
Date
  • 2015-03-26
Publisher
  • Frontiers Media
Publication Version
Copyright Statement
  • © 2015 Joyner, Barnwell and Galinski.
License
Final Published Version (URL)
Title of Journal or Parent Work
ISSN
  • 1664-302X
Volume
  • 6
Issue
  • MAR
Start Page
  • 145
End Page
  • 145
Grant/Funding Information
  • This project was funded, in part, by Federal funds from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under contract # HHSN272201200031C as well as ORIP/OD P51OD011132 (Yerkes National Primate Research Center).
Abstract
  • Plasmodium vivax is a human malaria parasite responsible for significant morbidity worldwide and potentially death. This parasite possesses formidable liver-stage biology that involves the formation of dormant parasites known as hypnozoites. Hypnozoites are capable of activating weeks, months, or years after a primary blood-stage infection causing relapsing bouts of illness. Elimination of this dormant parasitic reservoir will be critical for global malaria eradication. Although hypnozoites were first discovered in 1982, few advancements have been made to understand their composition and biology. Until recently, in vitro models did not exist to study these forms and studying them from human ex vivo samples was virtually impossible. Today, non-human primate (NHP) models and modern systems biology approaches are poised as tools to enable the in-depth study of P. vivax liver-stage biology, including hypnozoites and relapses. NHP liver-stage model systems for P. vivax and the related simian malaria species P. cynomolgi are discussed along with perspectives regarding metabolite biomarker discovery, putative roles of extracellular vesicles, and relapse immunobiology.
Author Notes
  • Correspondence: Mary R. Galinski, Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA e-mail: mary.galinski@emory.edu
Keywords
Research Categories
  • Biology, Microbiology
  • Health Sciences, Immunology

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