Mast cells are essential for early onset and severe disease in a murine model of multiple sclerosis

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Ginny Secor, Emory University; W. Evan Secor, Emory University School of Medicine; Claire-Anne Gutekunst, Emory University; Melissa A. Brown, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2000-03-06
• Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2000 government
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.5.813
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Experimental Medicine
• ISSN: 0022-1007
• Volume: 191
• Issue: 5
• Start Page: 813
• End Page: 821
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. M.A. Brown was supported by a scholarship from the Leukemia Society of America.
• Keywords: DEFICIENT W/WV MICE; GROWTH-FACTOR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; Research & Experimental Medicine; MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; IMMUNOLOGY; autoimmunity; inflammation; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; BONE-MARROW; myelin-associated glycoprotein; Science & Technology; TNF-ALPHA; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE-TYPE; demyelinating diseases; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Immunology; experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
• Research Categories: Biology, Molecular; Health Sciences, Nursing; Health Sciences, Immunology

Abstract

In addition to their well characterized role in allergic inflammation, recent data confirm that mast cells play a more extensive role in a variety of immune responses. However, their contribution to autoimmune and neurologic disease processes has not been investigated. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its human disease counterpart, multiple sclerosis, are considered to be CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system. Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that mast cells could also play a role in the pathogenesis of both the human and murine disease. Using a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced model of acute EAE, we show that mast cell-deficient W/W(v) mice exhibit significantly reduced disease incidence, delayed disease onset, and decreased mean clinical scores when compared with their wild-type congenic littermates. No differences were observed in MOG-specific T and B cell responses between the two groups, indicating that a global T or B cell defect is not present in W/W(v) animals. Reconstitution of the mast cell population in W/W(v) mice restores induction of early and severe disease to wild-type levels, suggesting that mast cells are critical for the full manifestation of disease. These data provide a new mechanism for immune destruction in EAE and indicate that mast cells play a broader role in neurologic inflammation.